فنولوژی تطبیقی جودره (Hordeum spontaneum) در مزرعه گندم از مرحله جوانه‌زنی تا پایان دوره خواب

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دانشگاه آزاد واحد علوم و تحقیقات

2 موسسه تحقیقات گیاهپزشکی

3 موسسه تحقیقات گیاپزشکی

4 مرکز تحقیقات شهرکرد

چکیده

این آزمایش طی سال زراعی1387-1386، به منظور بررسی تطبیقی مراحل رشدی گندم و جودره جهت مدیریت بهتر آنها، در مزرعه تحقیقاتی موسسه تحقیقات گیاهپزشکی در ورامین انجام گرفت. جودره و گندم رقم کویر در مجاورت یکدیگر در قالب طرح بلوک کامل تصادفی با چهار تکرار کاشته شدند. مراحل فنولوژی بر اساس مقیاس زادکس و تجمع واحدهای حرارتی بر حسب درجه روز رشد برای هر مرحله از رشد ثبت گردید. نتایج نشان داد که جودره مراحل فنولوژی خود را سریع‌تر از گندم به پایان رساند. بطوری که جهت تکمیل دوره زندگی جودره به ‎1/1839 درجه روز رشد و 204 روز نیاز بود، در حالی که این اعداد برای رقم گندم کویر ‎1/2143 درجه روز رشد و 219 روز بود. در مرحله رسیدگی بذور گندم، بذور جودره بطور کامل باستثناء دو بذر انتهایی سنبلک ریزش نمودند. طول دوره خواب بذور جودره حدود 45 روز بود. بررسی مراحل فنولوژی تطبیقی جودره و گندم بیانگر آن بود که از نظر فنولوژیکی این دو گیاه مراحل اولیه رویش تا ابتدای پنجه زنی را با هم سپری نمودند و سپس جودره در طی مراحل پنجه زنی، از گندم پیشی گرفت. گندم اما در مرحله ساقه دهی از جودره پیشی گرفت. با اینحال جودره زودتر از گندم وارد مرحله سنبله دهی شد و این پیشی گرفتن تا آخرین مرحله رشد ادامه داشت. نتایج این ایده را که موفقیت جودره در آلودگی مزارع گندم به علت رسیدن سریع‌تر جودره به مرحله رسیدگی کامل و کوتاه بودن دوره خواب آن می‌باشد تقویت می‌کند.  

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Comparative Phenology of Wild Barely in Wheat Field from Germination until End of Dormancy Stage

چکیده [English]

An experiment to investigate wheat and wild barely phenology was conducted during 2008-2009 in the field of Plant Protection Research Institute in Varamin. Wild barely and wheat (Variety Kavier) were planted in the vicinity of each other in a randomized complete blocks design with four replications. Phenological stages based on international Zadoks scale and GDD based on growing degree days were calculated for each stage of growth. Results showed that wild barely finished its phenological stages faster than wheat. Thus, complete life cycle of wild barely required 1839/1 growing degree days and 204 days, while wheat needed 2143/1 growing degree days and 219 days. At wheat maturity seeds stage, wild barely seeds had completely fallen except for the final seed clusters. Wild barely seed dormancy period was about 45 days. Comparative study of phonological stages of wild barely and wheat showed that the plants grew together of early stages, of growth up to early tillering, from then to the end of tillering, wild barely surpassed wheat. However, in the stem elongation stage wheat surpassed wild barely. However wild barely started inflorescenc emergence sooner than wheat. Our results suppots the idea that success of wild barely to infest wheat fields is due to rapidly reaching full maturity and short seed dormancy period.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Growth stages
  • Zadoks
  • GDD

مراجع

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