Iranian Society of Weed Science Iranian Journal of Weed Science 1735-3548 18 1 2022 03 21 Effect of chemical compound of yarrow (Achillea wilhelmsii C. Koch) essential oil on germination characteristics of barnyard grass (Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv) and common lambsquarter (Chenopodium album L.) Effect of chemical compound of yarrow (Achillea wilhelmsii C. Koch) essential oil on germination characteristics of barnyard grass (Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv) and common lambsquarter (Chenopodium album L.) 77 90 125941 10.22092/ijws.2022.355456.1396 FA Mahnaz Kandi Department of Agricultural Sciences and Food Industries, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Asa Ebrahimi Department of Agricultural Sciences and Food Industries, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Marjan Diyanat Department of Agricultural Sciences and Food Industries, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Hamid Saeidian Department of Scuence, Payame Noor University Journal Article 2021 09 09 In order to investigate the effect of compound and herbicidal activity of yarrow (<em>Achillea wilhelmsii C. Koch</em>) essential oil on barnyard grass (<em>Echinochloa crus-galli </em>(L.) Beauv)<em> </em>and common lambsquarter (<em>Chenopodium album </em>L<em>.</em>) germination, two factorial experiments were conducted in a randomized design with four replications at laboratory of Islamic Azad University in 2020. Experimental factors were the type of essential oil at two levels (ordinary and nano) and concentration at six levels (0, 100, 200, 400, 800 and 1000 µlL^-1). essential oil analysis led to the identification of 49 compounds and Among them, camphor (21.1%), 1,8-cineole (19.3%), myrtenol (8.4%), carvacrol (8.3%) and borneol (6.1%) were the main compounds. Scanning electron microscopy images showed that the particles were 1 and 100 nm in size. There was no significant difference between germination percentages of barnyard grass at the 100 µlL^-1concentrationof two types of essential oil. However, with increasing the concentration, this difference became significant, so that in 400 µlL^-1 concentration, the germination percentage of barnyard grass treated with ordinary and nano essential oils reached 30.12 and 10.02%, respectively. Nano<em> </em>essential oil at<em> </em>1000 at µlL^-1 concentration inhibited barnyard grass seeds germination completely. Common lambsquarter germination was 36.12% and 13.02% at 400 µlL^-1 of nano and ordinary essential oils and germination was completely prevented by 800 µlL^-1 nano essential oil. Common lambsquarter was more sensitive to yarrow essential oil in comparison to barnyard grass. Therefore, the application of 800 and 1000 µlL^-1 of yarrow nano essential is recommended to prevent the germination of common lambsquarter and barnyard grass seeds, respectively. In order to investigate the effect of compound and herbicidal activity of yarrow (<em>Achillea wilhelmsii C. Koch</em>) essential oil on barnyard grass (<em>Echinochloa crus-galli </em>(L.) Beauv)<em> </em>and common lambsquarter (<em>Chenopodium album </em>L<em>.</em>) germination, two factorial experiments were conducted in a randomized design with four replications at laboratory of Islamic Azad University in 2020. Experimental factors were the type of essential oil at two levels (ordinary and nano) and concentration at six levels (0, 100, 200, 400, 800 and 1000 µlL^-1). essential oil analysis led to the identification of 49 compounds and Among them, camphor (21.1%), 1,8-cineole (19.3%), myrtenol (8.4%), carvacrol (8.3%) and borneol (6.1%) were the main compounds. Scanning electron microscopy images showed that the particles were 1 and 100 nm in size. There was no significant difference between germination percentages of barnyard grass at the 100 µlL^-1concentrationof two types of essential oil. However, with increasing the concentration, this difference became significant, so that in 400 µlL^-1 concentration, the germination percentage of barnyard grass treated with ordinary and nano essential oils reached 30.12 and 10.02%, respectively. Nano<em> </em>essential oil at<em> </em>1000 at µlL^-1 concentration inhibited barnyard grass seeds germination completely. Common lambsquarter germination was 36.12% and 13.02% at 400 µlL^-1 of nano and ordinary essential oils and germination was completely prevented by 800 µlL^-1 nano essential oil. Common lambsquarter was more sensitive to yarrow essential oil in comparison to barnyard grass. Therefore, the application of 800 and 1000 µlL^-1 of yarrow nano essential is recommended to prevent the germination of common lambsquarter and barnyard grass seeds, respectively. https://ijws.areeo.ac.ir/article_125941_4f08b419e6db4aba148a35ecc380e6ec.pdf