Iranian Society of Weed Science Iranian Journal of Weed Science 1735-3548 20 2 2024 12 21 Evaluation of Herbicide Imazamox (Immertar Xtra® WG 70%) in the Control of New–Seeded Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) Weeds Evaluation of Herbicide Imazamox (Immertar Xtra® WG 70%) in the Control of New–Seeded Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) Weeds 1 19 134606 10.22034/ijws.2024.134606 FA Fariba Maighani Hossein Sabet Zangeneh Plant Protection Research Department, Khuzestan Agricultural and Natural Resources research and Education Center, AREEO, Ahwaze, Iran. 0000-0003-1644-7950 Azhang Jahedi member of scientific board Mohammadreza Karaminejad member of scientific board Journal Article 2025 10 15 In order to evaluate the herbicide imazamox (Immertar Xtra® WG 70%) on weed control in new-seeded alfalfa, an experiment was done in Karaj, Hamedan, and Ahwaz during 2021-2022 in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications and 11 treatments. Herbicide treatments, all applied in alfalfa at the 8-leaf stage, included: 2,4-DB (Butress® SL 50%) at 3 and 3.5 L ha-1, imazethapyr (Pursuit®) at 1 L ha-1 and 0.4 L ha-1+ citogate 2%, imazamox (Immertar Xtra® WG 70%) at 45, 50, and 55 g ha-1, imazamox (Immertar Xtra® WG 70%) at 40, 50, and 55 g ha-1 + citogate 2%, and weeding treatment. The effect of herbicides was evaluated on dominant weed density and biomass, and alfalfa yield during the first harvesting. Results showed that in Karaj, imazamox at 45 and 50 g ha-1 could suppress Descurainia sophia, Chorispora tenella, and Veronica persica by more than 80%. However, in Hamedan, Lactuca serriola and Carduus pycnocephalus were not controlled under the effect of imazamox. In Karaj and Hamedan, imazamox at 50 g ha-1+ citogate 2% and imazamox at 50 and 55 g ha-1 caused the maximum increase (53 to 62%) in alfalfa yield. In Ahwaz, the efficacy of imazethapyr at 1 L ha-1 in increasing alfalfa yield (47%) was more than imazamox (32.5 to 38.5%) with and without citogate. Overall, imazamox had no phytotoxicity on alfalfa. Therefore, imazamox at 45 to 50 g ha-1 + citogate could be recommended for controlling broad-leaved annual weeds in new-seeded alfalfa In order to evaluate the herbicide imazamox (Immertar Xtra® WG 70%) on weed control in new-seeded alfalfa, an experiment was done in Karaj, Hamedan, and Ahwaz during 2021-2022 in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications and 11 treatments. Herbicide treatments, all applied in alfalfa at the 8-leaf stage, included: 2,4-DB (Butress® SL 50%) at 3 and 3.5 L ha-1, imazethapyr (Pursuit®) at 1 L ha-1 and 0.4 L ha-1+ citogate 2%, imazamox (Immertar Xtra® WG 70%) at 45, 50, and 55 g ha-1, imazamox (Immertar Xtra® WG 70%) at 40, 50, and 55 g ha-1 + citogate 2%, and weeding treatment. The effect of herbicides was evaluated on dominant weed density and biomass, and alfalfa yield during the first harvesting. Results showed that in Karaj, imazamox at 45 and 50 g ha-1 could suppress Descurainia sophia, Chorispora tenella, and Veronica persica by more than 80%. However, in Hamedan, Lactuca serriola and Carduus pycnocephalus were not controlled under the effect of imazamox. In Karaj and Hamedan, imazamox at 50 g ha-1+ citogate 2% and imazamox at 50 and 55 g ha-1 caused the maximum increase (53 to 62%) in alfalfa yield. In Ahwaz, the efficacy of imazethapyr at 1 L ha-1 in increasing alfalfa yield (47%) was more than imazamox (32.5 to 38.5%) with and without citogate. Overall, imazamox had no phytotoxicity on alfalfa. Therefore, imazamox at 45 to 50 g ha-1 + citogate could be recommended for controlling broad-leaved annual weeds in new-seeded alfalfa

https://ijws.areeo.ac.ir/article_134606_e1b0e185ad2934e0dc87bcb1a94a1fe7.pdf

Iranian Society of Weed Science Iranian Journal of Weed Science 1735-3548 20 2 2024 12 21 The Effect of Burial depth, Duration, and Storage Temperature of Acroptilon repens Roots on Their Survival and Regrowth The Effect of Burial depth, Duration, and Storage Temperature of Acroptilon repens Roots on Their Survival and Regrowth 21 31 134608 10.22034/ijws.2024.134608 FA Tahereh Esmailzadeh Kanani Department of Plant Genetics and Production Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Mohaghegh Ardabili University, Iran Hamid Reza Mohammaddoust Chamanabad Agronomy and Plant Breeding- Agriculture and natural resource- University of Mohaghegh Ardabili Seyedeh Maryam Mozafari, Department of Plant Genetics and Production Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Mohaghegh Ardabili University, Iran Journal Article 2025 10 15 Knowledge of the biology and development of vegetative organs of perennial weeds is an important step in their successful management. For this purpose, two separate experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of burial depth, duration, and storage temperature of Acroptilon repens roots on their survival and germination characteristics in the Weed Science Laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, in 2021. Factors included root length (3, 6, and 12 cm), storage temperature (-5, -10, and -20 °C), duration of storage at each temperature (7, 14, and 30 days), and burial depth (5, 10, and 20 cm). The results showed that with decreasing storage temperature, the rate of root deterioration increased significantly. Exposing the roots to low temperatures (-10 and -20 °C) in all three storage periods (7, 14, and 30 days) led to their complete destruction. The number of new plants and their dry weight were affected by root length and burial depth. With an increase in root size from 3 to 12 cm, the number of new plants increased by 3- to 5-fold, respectively. Regardless of root size, increasing burial depth reduced all studied traits by 85%. Increasing burial depth affected the survival of Acroptilon repens roots, and smaller organs had less chance to emerge at greater depths. Knowledge of the biology and development of vegetative organs of perennial weeds is an important step in their successful management. For this purpose, two separate experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of burial depth, duration, and storage temperature of Acroptilon repens roots on their survival and germination characteristics in the Weed Science Laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, in 2021. Factors included root length (3, 6, and 12 cm), storage temperature (-5, -10, and -20 °C), duration of storage at each temperature (7, 14, and 30 days), and burial depth (5, 10, and 20 cm). The results showed that with decreasing storage temperature, the rate of root deterioration increased significantly. Exposing the roots to low temperatures (-10 and -20 °C) in all three storage periods (7, 14, and 30 days) led to their complete destruction. The number of new plants and their dry weight were affected by root length and burial depth. With an increase in root size from 3 to 12 cm, the number of new plants increased by 3- to 5-fold, respectively. Regardless of root size, increasing burial depth reduced all studied traits by 85%. Increasing burial depth affected the survival of Acroptilon repens roots, and smaller organs had less chance to emerge at greater depths.

https://ijws.areeo.ac.ir/article_134608_758a0a031a52f9be63a57d91269c2823.pdf

Iranian Society of Weed Science Iranian Journal of Weed Science 1735-3548 20 2 2024 12 21 Efficacy of Preemergence Herbicides for Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Weed Control in Conventional and Conservation Tillage Systeme under Rain-Fed Conditions Efficacy of Preemergence Herbicides for Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Weed Control in Conventional and Conservation Tillage Systeme under Rain-Fed Conditions 33 53 134623 10.22034/ijws.2024.134623 FA Abdolreza Ahmadi lorestan University Farshid Bahrami MSc. student of Weed Science, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University, Khorramabad Seyed Karim Mousavi Assistant Professor, Plant Protection Research Department, Lorestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research, and Education Center, AREEO, Khorramabad, Iran Journal Article 2025 10 19 This research aimed to assess the impact of conservation tillage systems on crop yield and weed management in a rain-fed chickpea field. The experiment was carried out as a split-plot based on a completely randomized block design with four replications in Lorestan Province during 2014-2015. The main factor included four levels (no-tillage (NT) without glyphosate, NT with glyphosate, reduced tillage (RT), and conventional tillage (CT)), while the sub-factor comprised five levels: pre-emergent herbicides pyroxasulfone, flumioxazin, metribuzin, hand-weeding treatment, and unweeded control. Results showed that applying glyphosate under NT conditions led to the greatest reduction in weed density and biomass by 53.6% and 72.4%, respectively, during mid-season growth. The highest average yield of chickpeas was recorded in the RT treatment, CT, and NT with glyphosate, at 206.8, 192.4, and 180.3 kg. ha-1, respectively. Among the herbicide-based treatments, the greatest increases in grain yield were observed in the two-stage hand-weeding under reduced tillage (382.7 kg ha⁻¹) and the pyroxasulfone herbicide treatment (189.3 kg ha⁻¹), representing 212% and 54.8% increases over the control, respectively. Pyroxasulfone, flumioxazin, and metribuzin were the most effective herbicides for weed control, demonstrating 49%, 41.7%, and 8.6% effectiveness, respectively, compared to the control. These results indicate that RT could serve as a viable alternative to CT in rain-fed chickpea fields. This research aimed to assess the impact of conservation tillage systems on crop yield and weed management in a rain-fed chickpea field. The experiment was carried out as a split-plot based on a completely randomized block design with four replications in Lorestan Province during 2014-2015. The main factor included four levels (no-tillage (NT) without glyphosate, NT with glyphosate, reduced tillage (RT), and conventional tillage (CT)), while the sub-factor comprised five levels: pre-emergent herbicides pyroxasulfone, flumioxazin, metribuzin, hand-weeding treatment, and unweeded control. Results showed that applying glyphosate under NT conditions led to the greatest reduction in weed density and biomass by 53.6% and 72.4%, respectively, during mid-season growth. The highest average yield of chickpeas was recorded in the RT treatment, CT, and NT with glyphosate, at 206.8, 192.4, and 180.3 kg. ha-1, respectively. Among the herbicide-based treatments, the greatest increases in grain yield were observed in the two-stage hand-weeding under reduced tillage (382.7 kg ha⁻¹) and the pyroxasulfone herbicide treatment (189.3 kg ha⁻¹), representing 212% and 54.8% increases over the control, respectively. Pyroxasulfone, flumioxazin, and metribuzin were the most effective herbicides for weed control, demonstrating 49%, 41.7%, and 8.6% effectiveness, respectively, compared to the control. These results indicate that RT could serve as a viable alternative to CT in rain-fed chickpea fields.

https://ijws.areeo.ac.ir/article_134623_1415947d1e05d4e4b6e2716685ca1dfb.pdf

Iranian Society of Weed Science Iranian Journal of Weed Science 1735-3548 20 2 2024 12 21 Evaluation of the sensitivity of edible onion (Allium cepa L.) to sulfosulfuron soil residue in Zanjan Evaluation of the sensitivity of edible onion (Allium cepa L.) to sulfosulfuron soil residue in Zanjan 53 69 134647 10.22034/ijws.2025.368371.1482 FA Bahram Javid Department of Plant Production & Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Iran Marjan Diyanat Department of Agricultural Sciences and Food Industries, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. Journal Article 2025 01 20 Sulfonylurea herbicides' soil persistence can harm subsequent crops in rotation. A factorial experiment (randomized complete block design, three replications) studied sulfosulfuron's soil residual effects on onion growth and yield during the 2019 growing season at the Research Farm of University of Zanjan. Treatments comprised sulfosulfuron doses (0, 25, 50, 75, 100, 125, and 150 g ha⁻¹) and weeding (weeded/unweeded). Measured parameters included weed density and dry weight, crop plant height, density, leaf count, stem fresh/ dry weight, and onion total yield. Results showed weed dry weight decreased sharply at doses >75 g ha⁻¹, with a 43% reduction at 150 g ha⁻¹. Onion leaf count and stem dry weight declined significantly at ≥25 g ha⁻¹ under both weeding regimes, while tuber yield decreased 87% at 150 g ha⁻¹ versus control. Since low doses (25–50 g ha⁻¹) effectively suppress weeds, their application of lower dosages in summer crops like tomato could balance weed control and minimize residual impacts on subsequent onion cultivation. Sulfonylurea herbicides' soil persistence can harm subsequent crops in rotation. A factorial experiment (randomized complete block design, three replications) studied sulfosulfuron's soil residual effects on onion growth and yield during the 2019 growing season at the Research Farm of University of Zanjan. Treatments comprised sulfosulfuron doses (0, 25, 50, 75, 100, 125, and 150 g ha⁻¹) and weeding (weeded/unweeded). Measured parameters included weed density and dry weight, crop plant height, density, leaf count, stem fresh/ dry weight, and onion total yield. Results showed weed dry weight decreased sharply at doses >75 g ha⁻¹, with a 43% reduction at 150 g ha⁻¹. Onion leaf count and stem dry weight declined significantly at ≥25 g ha⁻¹ under both weeding regimes, while tuber yield decreased 87% at 150 g ha⁻¹ versus control. Since low doses (25–50 g ha⁻¹) effectively suppress weeds, their application of lower dosages in summer crops like tomato could balance weed control and minimize residual impacts on subsequent onion cultivation.

https://ijws.areeo.ac.ir/article_134647_4927d4840ffb8cfc96b374d1f9184c64.pdf

Iranian Society of Weed Science Iranian Journal of Weed Science 1735-3548 20 2 2024 12 21 Screening of Safe Postemergence Herbicides for Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) and Safety Enhancement of a Selected Herbicide (Betanal Progress OF) using Seed Priming with Ascorbic Acid Screening of Safe Postemergence Herbicides for Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) and Safety Enhancement of a Selected Herbicide (Betanal Progress OF) using Seed Priming with Ascorbic Acid 71 84 134626 10.22034/ijws.2024.134626 FA Akbar Aliverdi Bu-Ali Sina University Samira Karami Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamadan, Iran Journal Article 2025 10 19 To screen a safe post-emergence herbicide for coriander, a pot experiment was conducted outside the greenhouse at Bu-Ali Sina University in 2023. Six doses (0, 1/16, 1/8, 1/4, 1/2, and 1 time the labeled dose) of 26 herbicides were sprayed on coriander at the 4-5 leaf stage. Following the previous experiment, a dose-response experiment was conducted on coriander and lambsquarters to investigate the selectivity index of one of the screened herbicides (phenmedipham+ desmedipham+ ethofumesate) when coriander seeds were primed with ascorbic acid (1 mM). Among the herbicides, clodinafop propargyl at the labeled dose (64 g a.i. ha-1) did not injure coriander. Coriander was relatively well-tolerant to the labeled dose of phenmedipham+ desmedipham+ ethofumesate. In the two experiments above, the doses of phenmedipham+ desmedipham+ ethofumesate required for 10% desiccation were 705.1 and 724.5 g a.i. ha-1, differing by 11% and 14% from the labeled dose (822 g a.i. ha-1). Seed priming of coriander with ascorbic acid protected it from minor metabolic damage caused by phenmedipham+ desmedipham+ ethofumesate, increasing the selectivity index from 1.49 to 1.74. To screen a safe post-emergence herbicide for coriander, a pot experiment was conducted outside the greenhouse at Bu-Ali Sina University in 2023. Six doses (0, 1/16, 1/8, 1/4, 1/2, and 1 time the labeled dose) of 26 herbicides were sprayed on coriander at the 4-5 leaf stage. Following the previous experiment, a dose-response experiment was conducted on coriander and lambsquarters to investigate the selectivity index of one of the screened herbicides (phenmedipham+ desmedipham+ ethofumesate) when coriander seeds were primed with ascorbic acid (1 mM). Among the herbicides, clodinafop propargyl at the labeled dose (64 g a.i. ha-1) did not injure coriander. Coriander was relatively well-tolerant to the labeled dose of phenmedipham+ desmedipham+ ethofumesate. In the two experiments above, the doses of phenmedipham+ desmedipham+ ethofumesate required for 10% desiccation were 705.1 and 724.5 g a.i. ha-1, differing by 11% and 14% from the labeled dose (822 g a.i. ha-1). Seed priming of coriander with ascorbic acid protected it from minor metabolic damage caused by phenmedipham+ desmedipham+ ethofumesate, increasing the selectivity index from 1.49 to 1.74.

https://ijws.areeo.ac.ir/article_134626_824d7a1e08cbc5881815f2dbc9af29ac.pdf

Iranian Society of Weed Science Iranian Journal of Weed Science 1735-3548 20 2 2024 12 21 Monitoring of Wild Oat Resistance to ACCase-Inhibiting Herbicides in Wheat Fields Across Iran Monitoring of Wild Oat Resistance to ACCase-Inhibiting Herbicides in Wheat Fields Across Iran 85 104 134782 10.22034/ijws.2024.134782 FA Eskandar Zand Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection Hamidreza Sasanfar Assistant Professor, Iranian Research Iinstitute of Plant Protection Mohammad Hosein Zamani Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran Ali Joumi Departemant of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture,Tarbiat Modares University,Tehran,Iran. Journal Article 2025 12 07 This study was conducted between 2018 and 2021 in two main parts, including screening experiments aimed at monitoring the resistance status of wild oats (Avena spp.) to commonly used ACCase-inhibiting herbicides, and mapping the distribution of wild oat populations resistant to this group of herbicides in wheat fields across the country. In the whole-plant bioassay experiment, 224 wild oat populations collected from nine provinces were exposed to the recommended application rates (1 and 1.2 L ha-1) of clodinafop-propargyl (Topik® 8% EC) and pinoxaden (Axial® 5% EC). The results showed that among the wild oat populations collected from the studied provinces, Ardabil and Golestan had the highest resistance cases (100%), followed by Fars (97%), Khuzestan (91%), Kermanshah (68%), Tehran and Ilam (64%), and Alborz (33%). In contrast, no clodinafop-propargyl resistance was confirmed in wild oat populations collected from Isfahan province. Overall, 181 (81%) of the 224 tested populations exhibited resistance to clodinafop-propargyl. However, none of the populations in the studied provinces showed resistance to pinoxaden, although the development of resistance was observed in one population from Khuzestan. A distribution map of wild oat populations resistant to clodinafop-propargyl in various provinces was also created. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that the continuous and improper use of clodinafop-propargyl herbicide in recent decades has led to the spread of resistance to this herbicide in wild oat populations in wheat fields across various provinces of the country. This study was conducted between 2018 and 2021 in two main parts, including screening experiments aimed at monitoring the resistance status of wild oats (Avena spp.) to commonly used ACCase-inhibiting herbicides, and mapping the distribution of wild oat populations resistant to this group of herbicides in wheat fields across the country. In the whole-plant bioassay experiment, 224 wild oat populations collected from nine provinces were exposed to the recommended application rates (1 and 1.2 L ha-1) of clodinafop-propargyl (Topik® 8% EC) and pinoxaden (Axial® 5% EC). The results showed that among the wild oat populations collected from the studied provinces, Ardabil and Golestan had the highest resistance cases (100%), followed by Fars (97%), Khuzestan (91%), Kermanshah (68%), Tehran and Ilam (64%), and Alborz (33%). In contrast, no clodinafop-propargyl resistance was confirmed in wild oat populations collected from Isfahan province. Overall, 181 (81%) of the 224 tested populations exhibited resistance to clodinafop-propargyl. However, none of the populations in the studied provinces showed resistance to pinoxaden, although the development of resistance was observed in one population from Khuzestan. A distribution map of wild oat populations resistant to clodinafop-propargyl in various provinces was also created. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that the continuous and improper use of clodinafop-propargyl herbicide in recent decades has led to the spread of resistance to this herbicide in wild oat populations in wheat fields across various provinces of the country.

https://ijws.areeo.ac.ir/article_134782_c4a7249833562931401c4dcdbf298b85.pdf

Iranian Society of Weed Science Iranian Journal of Weed Science 1735-3548 20 2 2024 12 21 Chemical control of Phelipanche aegyptiaca Pers. and P. mutelii F.W. Schultz in infested canola (Brassica napus L.) fields Chemical control of Phelipanche aegyptiaca Pers. and P. mutelii F.W. Schultz in infested canola (Brassica napus L.) fields 105 121 134784 10.22034/ijws.2025.366681.1464 FA Noushin Nezamabadi Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection Mozhgan Veisi agricultural research center of kermanshsh. plant protection section Mehdei Meanbashi Journal Article 2024 08 11 Canola fields were infested with the broomrape in Iran. The possibility of broomrape chemical control was investigated in the greenhouse of Iranian research institute of plant protection and infested fields of Golestan, Ilam, Kermanshah, Fars, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari provinces during 2018-2020. A greenhouse experiment was conducted as a factorial arrangement with a completely randomized design and 4 replications. First level was broomrape species (Phelipanche aegyptiaca Pers. and P. mutelii F.W. Schultz) and second level was herbicides application included: 1&2-Metazachlor+Quinmerac (Butisan star, SC41.6% and Butisan top, SC50%) 2.5 L. ha-1 (pre emergence) 3-Trifloralin (Treflan, EC48%) 2 L. ha-1(pre planting), 4-Glyphosate (Roundup, SL41%) 40 mL. ha-1, 5-Twice application of Roundup 40 mL. ha-1, 6- Roundup 80 mL. ha-1,7-Twice application of Roundup 80 mL. ha-1, 8-Clopyralid (Lontrel, SL30%) 600 mL. ha-1, 9- Twice application of Lontrel 600 mL. ha-1,10- Untreated Control with broomrape 11-Control without broomrape. Field treatments were similar to greenhouse herbicide treatments 5, 9, and 10. The stem number and dry weight of broomrape and yield of canola were measured. The results showed that the most effective treatment was the twice application of roundup 40 ml. ha-1 +AMS in all locations except Ilam and fars provinces. Egyptian broomrape controlled 91, 95 and 74% in greenhouse, Chaharmahal and Kermanshah. P. mutelii controlled 91 and 80% in greenhouse and Golestan. Rapeseed yield increased by 34 and 65% compared to the control in Chaharmahal and Golestan. Canola fields were infested with the broomrape in Iran. The possibility of broomrape chemical control was investigated in the greenhouse of Iranian research institute of plant protection and infested fields of Golestan, Ilam, Kermanshah, Fars, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari provinces during 2018-2020. A greenhouse experiment was conducted as a factorial arrangement with a completely randomized design and 4 replications. First level was broomrape species (Phelipanche aegyptiaca Pers. and P. mutelii F.W. Schultz) and second level was herbicides application included: 1&2-Metazachlor+Quinmerac (Butisan star, SC41.6% and Butisan top, SC50%) 2.5 L. ha-1 (pre emergence) 3-Trifloralin (Treflan, EC48%) 2 L. ha-1(pre planting), 4-Glyphosate (Roundup, SL41%) 40 mL. ha-1, 5-Twice application of Roundup 40 mL. ha-1, 6- Roundup 80 mL. ha-1,7-Twice application of Roundup 80 mL. ha-1, 8-Clopyralid (Lontrel, SL30%) 600 mL. ha-1, 9- Twice application of Lontrel 600 mL. ha-1,10- Untreated Control with broomrape 11-Control without broomrape. Field treatments were similar to greenhouse herbicide treatments 5, 9, and 10. The stem number and dry weight of broomrape and yield of canola were measured. The results showed that the most effective treatment was the twice application of roundup 40 ml. ha-1 +AMS in all locations except Ilam and fars provinces. Egyptian broomrape controlled 91, 95 and 74% in greenhouse, Chaharmahal and Kermanshah. P. mutelii controlled 91 and 80% in greenhouse and Golestan. Rapeseed yield increased by 34 and 65% compared to the control in Chaharmahal and Golestan.

https://ijws.areeo.ac.ir/article_134784_a9703d8f5bacc46add1fe194dff8401c.pdf

Iranian Society of Weed Science Iranian Journal of Weed Science 1735-3548 20 2 2024 12 21 The effect of different tillage systems and herbicide application on weed control, yield and yield components of soybean (Glycine max (L.) The effect of different tillage systems and herbicide application on weed control, yield and yield components of soybean (Glycine max (L.) 123 147 134622 10.22034/ijws.2025.369639.1488 FA Hossein Kamaraki PhD student, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran Hassan Makarian Faculty of Agriculture shahrood University of Technology Javid Gherekhloo Professor, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of plant production, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resource, Gorgan, Iran Mehdi Baradaran Firouzabadi Associate Professor, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran. Journal Article 2025 06 06 Currently, with the development of conservation tillage methods in soybean cultivation, evaluating the effects of these methods on weed control and herbicide efficacy has become increasingly important. Therefore, an experiment was conducted during the 2020–2021 in a strip-plot arrangement based on a randomized complete block design at two locations in Golestan Province, Iran. In the Vertical factor, different tillage methods including no-tillage (NT), minimum tillage (MT), and conventional tillage (CT) were applied, and in the Horizontal factor, different weed management treatments including hand weeding, no weeding, and various combinations of pre-emergence application of metribuzin and post-emergence herbicides imazethapyr, bentazon, and clethodim were used. The results showed that the highest percentage reduction in weed dry weight compared to the no-weed-control check was observed in treatments with the combined application of metribuzin and post-emergence herbicides. Also the traits of number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, grain yield, biological yield, and harvest index in the no-tillage system combined with pre- and post-emergence herbicide application increased by 12.21%, 14.35%, 24.95%, 19.11%, and 5.95%, respectively, compared to conventional tillage with the same herbicide applications. Soybean grain yield in the no-tillage treatment with combined application of the pre-emergence herbicide metribuzin and the post-emergence herbicides bentazon and clethodim showed a 141.2% increase compared to the conventional tillage treatment with no weed control. In general, the results showed that the no-tillage treatment combined with the use of pre- and post-emergence herbicides increased grain yield by improving soybean growth conditions and effective weed control. Currently, with the development of conservation tillage methods in soybean cultivation, evaluating the effects of these methods on weed control and herbicide efficacy has become increasingly important. Therefore, an experiment was conducted during the 2020–2021 in a strip-plot arrangement based on a randomized complete block design at two locations in Golestan Province, Iran. In the Vertical factor, different tillage methods including no-tillage (NT), minimum tillage (MT), and conventional tillage (CT) were applied, and in the Horizontal factor, different weed management treatments including hand weeding, no weeding, and various combinations of pre-emergence application of metribuzin and post-emergence herbicides imazethapyr, bentazon, and clethodim were used. The results showed that the highest percentage reduction in weed dry weight compared to the no-weed-control check was observed in treatments with the combined application of metribuzin and post-emergence herbicides. Also the traits of number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, grain yield, biological yield, and harvest index in the no-tillage system combined with pre- and post-emergence herbicide application increased by 12.21%, 14.35%, 24.95%, 19.11%, and 5.95%, respectively, compared to conventional tillage with the same herbicide applications. Soybean grain yield in the no-tillage treatment with combined application of the pre-emergence herbicide metribuzin and the post-emergence herbicides bentazon and clethodim showed a 141.2% increase compared to the conventional tillage treatment with no weed control. In general, the results showed that the no-tillage treatment combined with the use of pre- and post-emergence herbicides increased grain yield by improving soybean growth conditions and effective weed control.

https://ijws.areeo.ac.ir/article_134622_fe6f995bdd1db675d94e6947d7b63519.pdf

Iranian Society of Weed Science Iranian Journal of Weed Science 1735-3548 20 2 2024 12 21 The Potential Threat of Greater Beggar’s Ticks (Bidens subalternans) to Legume Crops: A Study Based on Competitive Ability and Nitrogen Response The Potential Threat of Greater Beggar’s Ticks (Bidens subalternans) to Legume Crops: A Study Based on Competitive Ability and Nitrogen Response 149 164 134976 10.22034/ijws.2024.134976 FA Aboozar Esmaeili Faculty of Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Mostafa Oveisi Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran. Ruhollah Naderi Hassan Alizadeh Agronomy and Plant Breeding Dept., Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran. Ahmad Zare Department of Plant Production and Genetics Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Khuzestan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Ahvaz, Iran Journal Article 2026 01 05 Bidens subalternans is recognized as a major weed species in legume fields, particularly in crops such as common bean and soybean in several countries, especially in South America, including Brazil and Argentina. This invasive weed has recently been expanding in orchards of Fars Province, Iran, posing a potential threat to legume fields in the region. To assess its damage potential under varying nitrogen fertilizer levels, a field experiment was conducted in 2023 in a green bean field in Marvdasht County, Fars Province, using a split-plot arrangement based on a randomized complete block design with three replications. The main plots consisted of three nitrogen application rates from urea (0, 50, and 100 kg ha⁻¹), while the subplots included two levels of weed interference (no interference and interference with B. subalternans). Weed interference was introduced post-emergence through artificial infestation at a high density (65 plants m⁻²) between crop rows. Results showed that the effects of interference type, nitrogen fertilization, and their interaction on the yield of the second harvest were significant. Additionally, interference type and its interaction with nitrogen levels significantly affected the first harvest yield. Interference from B. subalternans reduced green bean yield by 61% and 48% in the first and second harvests, respectively. Given the high yield loss potential of this weed, it is strongly recommended to identify and eradicate infested areas and prevent its spread to new regions. Bidens subalternans is recognized as a major weed species in legume fields, particularly in crops such as common bean and soybean in several countries, especially in South America, including Brazil and Argentina. This invasive weed has recently been expanding in orchards of Fars Province, Iran, posing a potential threat to legume fields in the region. To assess its damage potential under varying nitrogen fertilizer levels, a field experiment was conducted in 2023 in a green bean field in Marvdasht County, Fars Province, using a split-plot arrangement based on a randomized complete block design with three replications. The main plots consisted of three nitrogen application rates from urea (0, 50, and 100 kg ha⁻¹), while the subplots included two levels of weed interference (no interference and interference with B. subalternans). Weed interference was introduced post-emergence through artificial infestation at a high density (65 plants m⁻²) between crop rows. Results showed that the effects of interference type, nitrogen fertilization, and their interaction on the yield of the second harvest were significant. Additionally, interference type and its interaction with nitrogen levels significantly affected the first harvest yield. Interference from B. subalternans reduced green bean yield by 61% and 48% in the first and second harvests, respectively. Given the high yield loss potential of this weed, it is strongly recommended to identify and eradicate infested areas and prevent its spread to new regions.

https://ijws.areeo.ac.ir/article_134976_883457b88b6bad88c7c564acbd691037.pdf