Extinction Coefficient, Radiation Use Efficiency, Leaf Area and Dry Matter Distribution in Corn Canopy (Zea mays) under Competition with Pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.)

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

Abstract

In order to study the effect of completion with redroot pigweed on dry matter and  leaf area distribution, leaf area, extinction coefficient and radiation use efficiency (RUE) in corn canopy (Zea mays L.) under competition with redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) an experiment was conducted at Seed and Plant Improvement Institute (SPII), Karaj, Iran. Field study was carried out based on RCBD with 3 replication with redroot pigweed density (0, 3, 5, 8, and 10 plant per m of row ) and time of emergence (same time with corn, 2-3 and 4-5 corn leaf stage). Results indicated that early emergence of redroot pigweed significantly distributed leaf area and dry matter to upwards of canopy layers and significantly increased yield loss (%) in compare to other treatment. Corn yield loss was 34% in early-emerged pigweed and decreased to 25 and 12 percent in 2nd and 3rd time of emergence respectively. Due to significantly decrease of corn LAI and increase redroot pigweed LAI in near the bottom of the corn canopy, the most value extinction coefficient observed in near the bottom. Result is also indicated that emergence of redroot pigweed in same time and 3rd time of emergence have minimum of extinction coefficient (K) (0.38) and maximum RUE (3.2 MJ), respectively. Generally, it is concluded that weed control until corn 4-5 leaf stage would be essential to reduce corn yield loss.  

Keywords

References

Aminpanah, H., Sorooshzadeh, A., Zand, H. and Momeni, A. 2009. Investigation of Light Extinction Coefficient and Canopy Structure of More and Less Competitiveness of Rice Cultivars (Oryza sativa) Against Barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli). Elec. J. Crop. Prod. 2(3): 69-84.
Beheshti, S.A. and Mousavi Sarvine, S.R. 2009. Pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) Competition effects on grain and biomass yield of Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. oench). Iran. Seed and Plant Prod. J. 25(2): 33-44.
Birch,C.J., Hammer, G.L. and Rickert, K.G. 2005. Dry matter accumulation and procedures for use in crop modelling. Aust. J. Agric. Res. 50(4): 513-527.
Bosnic, A.C. and Swanton, C.J. 1997. Influence of barnyard grass (Echinochloa crus-galli) time of Emergence and density on corn (Zea mays L.). Weed Sci. 47: 551-556.
Cousens, R.D., 1985. A simple model relating yield loss to weed density. An. Appl. Biol. 107: 239–252.
Dalley, D.C., Bernards, L.M. and Kells, J. J. 2006. Effect of removal timing and row spacing on soil moisture in corn (Zea mays L).Weed Tech. 20: 399-409.
Graham, D.L., Steiner, J.L. and Wicse, A.F. 1988. Light absorption and competition in mix sorghum-pigweed communities. Agron. J. 80: 415-418.
Francis, F., Kiniry, J.F., Board, E.J., and Reicosky, C.D. 1996. Row spacing effects on light extinction coefficient of corn, Sorghum, Soybean, and sunflower. Agron. J. 88: 185-190.
Knezevic, Z.S., Weise, S.F. and Swanton, C.I. 1995. Comparision of empirical models depicting density of Amaranthus retroflexus L. and relative leaf area as predictors of yield loss in Maize (Zea Mays L.). Weed Res. 35: 207-214.
Knezvic, Z.S., Horak, M.I. and Randerlip, R.L. 1997. Relative time of redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) emergence in critical in pigweed-sorghum competition. Weed Sci. 45: 502-508.
Knezevic, Z.S., Horak, M.J. and Vanderlip, R.L. 1999. Estimates of physiological determinants for redroot pigweed. Weed Sci. 47: 291-296.
Knezevic. Z.S., Weise, S.F. and Swanton, C.J. 2003. Interference of redroot prgweed (Amaranthuo retroflexus L.) in corn (Zea mays L.). Weed Sci. 42: 568-578.
Legerc, A.M. and Schreiber, M. 1999.Competition of light, Water and nitrogen by soybean row with and density of redroot pigweed (Amaranths retroflexus L.). Weed Sci. 37: 84-92.
Major, D.J. and Otegu, B.W. 1996. Leaf area, light interception and development in maize radiation use efficiency. Agron. J. 83:895-903.
Sangakkara,V.R. and Stamp, P. 2006. Influence of different weed categories on growth and yields of maize (Zea mays L.) grown in a minor (dry) season of the humid. J. Plant Dis .Prot. 113: 81-85.
Scarsrook C.E. and Doss, B.O. 1998. Leaf Area Index and radiation as related to corn yield. Agron. J. 87: 456-563.
Strobel, G. A. 1991. Biological control of weed, Scientific American. 72-78.
Tollenaar, M. and Aguilar, M. 1992. Radiation use efficiency of old and new maize hybrid. Agron. J. 84: 536-541.
Iranian Journal of Weed Science
Volume 6, Issue 1 - Serial Number 1
September 2010
Pages 65-77

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics