The Effect of Ammonium Sulphate on Efficacy of a Few Weak Acidic Herbicides

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

Abstract

This research was carried out in 2009 at greenhouse of Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection to determine the effect of water quality on weak acidic herbicides in control of Picnomon acarna (L.) Cass, as indicator plant, in wheat and canola.  Clopyralid, glyphosate and 2,4-D+MCPA were applied, respectively, at 0.24, 2.64 and 0.72 kg ae ha-1.  Each herbicide dissolved in water contained ammonium sulfate (AS) at concentration of 2, 4 or 8 percent, sprayed on the target plants at initial growth stage. AS, parallel to increasing the concentration, enhanced electric conductivity and reduced the pH of herbicide solutions. Adding AS into glyphosate or clopyralid, significantly reduced the percentage of the weed plants. Based on dry weight evaluation, AS had no significant effect on the efficacy of 2,4-D+MCPA or clopyralid. For reducing the number of plant of the weeds, 2,4-D+MCPA without AS was more effective than its solution solute in water contained AS.  Adding AS into the solution of clopyralid had to effect on wheat and canola. Similar result obtained with 2,4-D+MCPA on wheat.

Keywords


Beckett, T. H., Stoller, E.W. and Bode,L.E. 1992. Quizalofop and sethoxydim activity as affected by adjuvants and ammonium fertilizers. Weed Sci.40: 12-19.
Bukun, B., Gaines, T. A., Nissen, S. J., Westra, P., Brunk, G., Shaner, D. L., Sleugh, B. B. and Peterson, V. F. 2009. Aminopyralid and clopyralid absorption and translocation in Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense). Weed Sci. 57: 10-15.
Callows, K., Deveau, J. 2010. Water quality affects herbicides efficacy, weed management program Lead-Horticulture, University of Ontario/OMAFRA.
Cowbrough, M. 2002. Ammonium sulphate (AMS) and glyphosate. Ministry of Agriculture Food & Rural Affairs, Ontario, USA.
Curran, W. S. 2004. Weed management organic cropping systems. The Penn State University, Park, PA. Available online: http://pubs.cas.psu.edu/free puds/pdfs/uc. 187.pdf.
Ferrll, J. A., McDonald, G. E. and Sellers B. 2008. Adjuvants. Institute of Food and Agriculture Science, University of Florida.
Gronwal, J. W., Jourdan, S. W., Wyse, D. L., Somers, D. A. and Magnusson, M. U. 1993. Effect of ammonium sulfate on absorption of imazethapyr by quackgrass (Elytrigia repens) and maize (Zea mays) cell suspension culture. Weed Sci. 41: 325-334.
Hall, G. J., Hart, C. A. and Jones C. A. 2000. Plants as sources of cations antagonistic to glyphosate activity. Pest Manag. Sci. 56: 351-358.
Holm, F. A. and Henry, J. L. 2005. Water quality and Herbicides. Crop Science, Plant Ecology and Soil Science, University of Saskatchewan.
Hsiao, A. I., Liu, S. H. and Quick, W. A. 2004. Effect of ammonium sulfate on the phytotoxicity. Foliar up take, and translocation of imazamethabenz in wild oat. University of Regina., J. Plant Growth Regul. 15:115-120.
Kloppenburg, G. D. J. and Hall, J. C. 1990. Penetration of clopyralid and related weak acid herbicides into and through isolated cuticular membranes of Euonymus fortunei. Weed Res. 30: 431-438.
Mirghasemi, S., Daneshian, G. and Baghestani, M. A. 2008. Evaluation of synergistic effects of fertilizers (amunium sulphate and urea) and glyphosate on weed control in tea (Camellia sinensis). In the Proceeding of 2nd National Weed Science Congress, Vol. I, Weed Management & Herbicides, Mashhad, 29 and 30 January 2008, 437-440. .(In Persian with English Summary).
Nalewaja, J. D., Matysiak, R. and Szeleniak, E. 1994. Sethoxydim response to spray carrier chemical properties and environment. Weed Technol. 8: 591-597.
Peterson, D. E and Thompson, C. R. 2009. Glyphosate weed control Enhancement with Ammonium sulfate and commercial water conditioning agents. Weed Technol. 19: 315-322.
Pline, W. A. Hatzios, K. K. Hagood, E. S. 2000. Weed and Herbicide-Resistant Soybean (Glycine max) Response to Glufosinate and Glyphosate Plus Ammonium Sulfate and Pelargonic Acid. Weed Technol. 14: 667-674.
Rao, V. S. F., Rahman, H. S., Singha, K. Dutha, M. C., Sarkia, S. N. and B. C. Phukan. 1997. Effective weed control in tea by glyphosate. Indian J. Weed  Sci. 8:1-14.
Renner, K. A. 1991. Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense) control in sugarbeet with clopyralid. Weed Technol. 5: 392-395.
Spann, J. F. and Richardson, C. B. 1985. Measurement of the water cycle in mixed ammonium acid sulfate particles. Atmosph. Envir. 19: 819-825.