Optimization of wheat residue rate and sunflower (Helianthus annus L.) density on weed control and crop growth using surface analysis regression method

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

Abstract

A combination of plant residues and increased crop density would play an important role in enhancing crop growth through weed suppression in organic agriculture. In order to attain the best level of wheat residue amount and sunflower density, a factorial experiment based on RCBD with three replications was conducted at research field of the Faculty of Agriculture of Birjand University (Amirabaad campus) in 2008 growing season. Treatments were 5 different rates of wheat residue including 0, 250, 1250, 3750 and 5000 kg ha-1 and 3 sunflower densities including 50000, 70000 and 90000 plants ha-1. Results showed that the maximum crop growth as well as the lowest weed growth was observed at the density of 70000 plants ha-1 and 3000 kg ha-1 of wheat residue. Increasing crop density and residue amount to the levels above these limits would have no effect, or even in some cases reduce crop growth.

Keywords

References

Agele, S. O., Iremirren, G. O. and Ojeniyi, S. O. 1999. Effects of plant density and mulching on the performance of late-season tomato (Lycopersicon escolentum) in south Nigeria. J. of Agri Sci Camb. 133: 397- 402.
Akintoye, H. A., Agbeyi, E. O. and Olaniyan, A. B. 2005.The effect of live mulches on tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) yield under tropical coditions. J. of Sus Agri. 26: 27-37.
Ateh, C. M., and Doll, J. D. 1996. Spring-planted winter rye (Secale cereale) as a living mulch to control weeds in soybean (Glycine max). Weed Tech. 10: 347-353.
Bahrani, M. J., Raufat, M. H. and Ghadiri, H. 2006. Influence of wheat residue management on irrigated corn grain production in a reduced tillage system. Soil & Tillage Res. 94: 305-309.
Barros, J. F. C., De Carvalho, M., and Basch, G. 2004. Response of sunflower (Helianthus annus L.) to sowing date and plant density zunder Mediterranean condition. Europ. J. Agron. 21: 347-356.
Boquet, D. J., Hutchinson, R. L. and Breitenbeck, G. A. 2004a. Long- term tillage, cover crop, and nitrogen rate effects on cotton: yield and fiber properties. Agron J. 96: 1436- 1442.
Boquet, D. J., Hutchinson, R. L. and Breitenbeck, G. A. 2004b. Long- term tillage, cover crop, and nitrogen rate effects on cotton: plant growth and yield components. Agron J. 96: 1443- 1452.
Bottenberg, H., Masiunas, J. Eastman, C. and Eastburn, D. M. 1997. The impact of rye cover crops on weeds, insects, and diseases in snap bean cropping systems. J. of Sus Agri. 9: 2/3: 131- 155.
Glab, T., and Kulig, B. 2008. Effect of mulch and tillage system on soil porosity under wheat (Triticum aestivum). Soil & Tillage Res. 99: 169- 178.
Hudu, A. I., Futuless, K. N. and Gworgwor, N. A. 2002. Effect of mulching intensity on the growth and yield of irrigated tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) and weed infestation in semi- arid zone of Nigeria. J. of Sus Agri. 21: 1: 37- 45.
Koochecki, A., Zarif Ketabi, H., and Nakhforoosh, A. 2001. Weed management in agroecosystems Ecological Approaches (Translated in Persian). Ferdowsi University of Mashhad.
Lieble, R., Simmons, F. W. Wax, L. M. and Stoller, E. W. 1992. Effect of rye (Secale Cereale) mulch on weed control and moisture in soybean ( Glycine max). Weed Tech. 6: 838-846.
Liebman, M., Mohler, CH. L. and Staver, CH. P. 2004. Ecological management of agricultural weeds. Cambridge University Press. PP. 210- 268.
Masiunas, J. B., Eastburn, D. M. Mwaja, V. N. and Eastman, C. E. 1997. The impact of living and cover crop mulch systems on pests and yields of snap beans and cabbage. J. of Sus Agri. 9: 2/3: 61- 89.
Moore, M. J., Gillespie, T. J. and Swanton, C. J. 1994. Effect of cover crop mulches on weed emergence, weed biomass, and soybean (Glycine max) devlopment. Weed Tech. 8: 512- 518.
Murphy, S. D., Yakubu, Y. Weise, S. F. and Swanton, C. J. 1996. Effect of planting patterns and inter- row cultivation on competition between corn (zea mays) and late emerging weeds. Weed Sci. 44: 856-870.
Ngouagio, M., and Mennan, H. 2005. Weed populations and pickling cucumber (Cucumis sativus) yield under summer and winter cover crop systems. Crop Pro. 24: 521- 526.
Ngouagio, M., Mcgiffen Jr, M. E. and Hutchinson, C. M. 2003. Effect of cover crop and management system on weed populations in lettuce. Crop Pro. 22: 57- 64.
Norsworthy, J. K., and Oliver, L. R. 2002. Effect of irrigation, soybean (Glycin max) density, and glyphosate on hemp sesbania (Sesbania exaltata) and pitted morningglory (Ipomea lacunose) interference in soybean. Weed Tech. 16: 7- 17.
Nyakatawa, E. Z., Reddy, K. C. and Mays, D. A. 2000. Tillage, cover cropping, and poultry litter effects on cotton: II. Growth and yield parameters. Agron J. 92: 1000- 1007.
Rashed Mohassel, M. H., and Husseini, S. A. 2007.  Expanding the context of weed management (Translate in Persian). Ferdowsi University of Mashhad.
Reddy, K. N. 2001. Effects of cereal and legume cover crop residues on weeds, yield, and net return in soybean (Glycine max). Weed Tech. 15: 660- 668.
Reddy, K. N. 2002. Weed control economic comparisons in soybean plantinig systems. J. of Sus Agri. 21: 2: 21- 35.
Shrestha, A., Rajcan, I., Cttandler, K. and Swanton, C. J. 2001. An integrated weed management strategy for glufosinate- resistant corn (Zea mays). Weed Tech. 15: 517-522.
Swanton, C. J., and Weise S. F. 1991. Integarated weed management: The rationale and approach. Weed Tech. 5: 657- 663.
Teasdale, J. R. 1993. Reduced- herbicide weed management systems for no- tillage corn (Zea mays) in a hairy vetch (Vicia villosa) cover crop. Weed Tech. 7: 879- 883.
Teasdale, J. R. 1995. Influence of narrow/ high population corn (Zea mays) on weed control and light transmittance. Weed Tech. 9: 113- 118.
Teasdale, J. R. 2003. Principles and practices of using cover crop in weed management systems. In: R. Labrada (eds). Weed management for developing countries. FAO. Chapter 3.
Teasdale, J. R., and Mohler, C. L. 2000. The quantitative relationship between weed emergence and the physical properties of mulches. Weed Sci. 48: 385- 392.
Teasdale, J. R., Beste, C. E. and Potts, W. E. 1991. Response of weeds to tillage and cover crop residue. Weed Sci. 39: 195- 199.
Teasdale, J. R., Pillai, P. and Collins, R. T. 2005. Synergism between cover crop residue and herbicide activity on emergence and early growth of weeds. Weed Sci. 53: 521- 527.
Tetio- Kagho, F., and Gardner. 1988. Responses of maize to plant population density. I. Canopy development, light relationships, and vegetative growth. Agron J. 80: 930- 935.
Tharp, B. E., and Kells, J. J. 2001. Effect of glufosinate- resistant corn (Zea mays) population and row spacing on light interception, corn yield, and common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album) growth. Weed Tech. 15: 413- 418.
Tollenaar, M., Dibo, A. A. Aguilera, A. Weise, S. F. and Swanton, C. J. 1994. Effect of crop density on weed interference in maize. Agron J. 86: 591- 594.
Vidal, R. A., and Bauman, T. T. 1996. Surface wheat (Triticum aestivum) residues, gaint foxtail (setaria faberi), and soybean (Glycine max) yield. Weed Sci. 44: 939- 943.
Wilhelm, W. W., J. W. Doran, and J. F. Power. 1986. Corn and soybean yield response to crop residue management under no- tillage production systems. Agron  J. 78: 184- 189.
Williams, M. M., Morrensen, D. A. and Doran, J. W. 1998. Assessment of weed and crop fitness in cover crop residues for intergrated weed management. Weed Sci. 46: 595- 603.
 
 
 
Iranian Journal of Weed Science
Volume 5, Issue 1 - Serial Number 1
September 2009
Pages 95-105

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics