Effect of seed planting depth and sowing time on winter wild oat populations (Avena ludoviciana) and wheat competition (Triticum aestivum)

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

Agronomy and Plant Breeding Department, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Iran

Abstract

Wild oat is considered as one of the most problematic weeds in cereals due to compatibility with ecological conditions and competition. The emergence pattern of this weed allows its presence and competition with wheat throughout the growing season. To evaluate the effect of sowing time and depth on wheat and winter wild oat competition, a field experiment was conducted in a split-split plot designe with three replications in 2016-2017. Main plots were two sowing dates of wheat and wild oat (November 10 and December 15), subplots were six wild oat populations (Shiraz, Kurdistan, Mashhad, Kermanshah, Karaj and Ahvaz) and sub-sub-plot were seed sowing depth of wild oats (2 and 5 cm). The results showed that emergence rate of wheat was higher than wild oat populations in both sowing dates. In November sowing date treatment, wheat produced more individual weight in competition with wild oat. Competition with wild oat was effective on wheat height. Ahvaz population had the greatest (wheat height 74.16 cm) effect on reducing wheat height in November sowing date. In December sowing date, Karaj population had the least (wheat height 89.66 cm) effect on reducing wheat height. Depending on sowing date and the population of wild oat, seed depth had different effects, so that in November sowing date and 5 cm depth, wild oat biomass (205.212 g/m2) was less than December (379.294 g/m2). Also, Karaj and Ahvaz populations had the lowest seed number in competition with wheat. Generally, the sowing date and seed planting depth of wild oat populations were effective on emergence model and competitive ability of this weed with wheat. These results we can be used to plan for the application of weed management methods such as selection of tillage systems.

Keywords

References

Allard, G., Nelson, C.J. and Pallardy, S.G. 1991. Shade effects on growth of tall fescue. I. Leaf anatomy and dry matter partitioning. Crop Sci. 31 (1), 163-167.
Asadnezhad, M., Farzaneh, M. and Meskarbashi, M. 2017. Planting date effect on yield and yield component of three wheat cultivars in competitive with wild oat. The Plant Prod. 40 (1): 55-69. (In Persian).
Baghestani, M.A. and Zand, E. 2005. Study on morphological and physiological characteristics affecting on competitiveness of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) against wild oat (Avena ludoviciana Dur.). Pajouhesh and Sazandegi. 67: 41-56. (In Persian).
Balyan, R.S., Malik, R.K., Panwar, R.S. and Singh, S. 1991. Competitive ability of winter wheat cultivars with wild oat (Avena ludoviciana). Weed Sci. 39 (2): 154-158.
Banting, J.D. 1966. Factors affecting the persistence of Avena fatua. Can. J. Plant Sci. 46 (5): 469-478.
Bogale, A., Nefo, K. and Seboka, H. 2011. Selection of some morphological traits of bread wheat that enhance the competitiveness against wild oat (Avena fatua L.). World J. Agr Sci. 7 (2): 128. 135.
Boyd, N. and Van Acker, R. 2003. The effects of depth and fluctuating soil moisture on the emergence of eight annual and six perennial plant species. Weed Sci. 51 (5): 725-730.
Boyd, N. and Van Acker, R. 2004. Seed and microsite limitations to emergence of four annual weed species. Weed Sci. 52 (4): 571-577.
Bradford, K.J. 2002. Applications of hydrothermal time to quantifying and modeling seed germination and dormancy. Weed Sci. 50 (2): 248-260.
Carlson, H.L. and Hill, J.E. 1986. Wild oat (Avena fatua) competition with spring wheat. Effects of nitrogen fertilization. Weed Sci. 34 (1): 29-33.
Conley, S.P., Binning, L.K., Boerboom, C.M. and Stoltenberg, D.E. 2003. Parameters for predicting giant foxtail cohort effect on soybean yield loss. Agron. J. 95 (5): 1226-1232.
Cosser, N.D., Gooding, M.J., Thompson, A.J. and Froud-William, R.J. 1997. Competitive ability and tolerance of organically grown wheat cultivars to natural weed infestations. Ann. Appl. Biol. 130 (3); 523-535.
Cruz, P. 1997. Effect of shade on the carbon and nitrogen allocation in a perennial tropical grass, Dichanthium aristatum. J. Exp. Bot. 48 (1); 15-24.
Cudney, D.W., Jordan, L.S. and Hall, A.E. 1991. Effects of wild oat (Avena fatua) infestation on light interception and growth rate of wheat (Triticum aestivum). Weed Sci. 39 (2): 175-179.
Dai, J., Wiersma, J.J., Martinson, K.L. and Durgan, B.R. 2012. Influence of time of emergence on the growth and development of wild oat (Avena fatua). Weed Sci. 60 (3); 389-393.
Dias-Filho, M.B. 1997. Physiological response of Solanum crinitum Lam. to contrasting light environments. Pesqu Agropec. bras., Brasilia. 32 (8): 789-796.
Donmez, E., Sears, R.G., Shroyer, J.P. and Paulsen, G.M. 2001.Genetic gain in yield attributes of winter wheat in the Great Plains. Crop Sci. 41 (5): 1412-1419.
Emam, Y. and Niknezhad, M. 2005. Introduction to crop physiology yield (Translation). Shiraz University Press. 594 Pp. (In Persian).
Forcella, F., Benech Arnold, R., Sanchez, R. and Ghersa, C. 2000. Modeling seedling emergence. Field Crop Res. 67(2): 123-139.
Forouzesh. S., Rahimian Mashhadi, H., Alizadeh, H. and Oveisi, M. 2015. Phenotypic plasticity and adaptation in populations of winter wild oat (Avena ludoviciana) of phenological responses to environmental conditions. Ph.D thesis. University of Tehran.  
Franke, A.C., Singh, S., McRoberts, N., Nehra, A.S., Godara, S.R., Malik, R.K. and Marshall, G. 2007. Phalaris minor seed bank studies: Longevity, seedling emergence and seed production as affected by tillage regime. Weed Res. 47 (1): 73-83.
Hodge, A., Paterson, E., Thornton, B., Millard, P. and Killham, K. 1997. Effects of photon flux density on carbon partitioning and rhizosphere carbon flow of Lolium perenne. Plant Cell Environ. 48 (10): 1797-1805.
Ibrahim, A.F., Kandil, .A.A., Halter, A.H.Fl. and Eissa, A.K. 1986. Effect of sowing date and weed control on grain yield and its components in some wheat cultivars. J. Agron. Crop Sci. 157 (3): 199-207.
Kasperbauer, M.J. and Karlen, D.L. 1986. Light mediated bioregulation of tillering and photosynthate partitioning in wheat. Physiol Plant. 66 (1): 159-163.
Kephart, K.D., Buxton, D.R. and Taylor, S.E. 1992. Growth of C3 and C4 perennial grasses in reduced irradiance. Crop Sci. 32 (4): 1033-1038. 
Laffond, G.P. and Fower, B.D. 1989. Soil temperature and water content, seeding depth and simulated rainfall on winter wheat emergence. Agron J. 81(4): 609-614.
Loeppky, H., Lafond, G.P. and Fowler, D.B. 1989. Seedling depth in relation to plant development, winter survival and yield of no till winter wheat. Agron J. 81 (1): 125-129.
Lutman, P.J.W. 2002. Estimation of seed production by stellaria media, Sinapis arvensis and Tripleurospermum inodorum in arable crops. Weed Res. 42 (5): 359-369.
Mahdi, L., Bell, C.J. and Ryan J. 1998. Establishment and yield of wheat (Triticum turgidum L.) after early sowing at various depths in a semi-arid Mediterranean environment. Field Crop Res. 58 (3): 187-196.
Martinson, K., Durgan, B., Forcella, F., Wiersma, J., Spokas, K. and Archer, D. 2007. An emergence model for wild oat (Avena fatua). Weed Sci. 55(6); 584-592 .
Maun, M.A. 1994. Adaptations enhancing survival and establishment of seedlings on coastal dune systems. Vegetation, 111 (1); 59-70.
Miller, S.D. and Nalewaja, J.D. 1990. Influence of burial depth on wild oats (Avena fatua) seed longevity. Weed Technol. 4(3): 514-517.
Minbashi, M., Esfandiari, H., Pour Azar, R., Baghestani, M.A., Zand, E., Veisi, M., Sabeti, P., Jamali, M.R., Hatami, S., Haghighi, A., Makenali, A., Mousavi, S.K., Nazer Kakhki, S.H., Narimani, V., Nour Alizadeh, M., Valiyollah pour, R. and Nouroozzadeh, S.H. 2015. Evaluation of weed management in wheat fields of different area of Iran. Iranian J. Weed Sci. 11: 13-26. (In Persian).
Montazeri, M. 2007. Influence of winter wild oat (Avena ludoviciana), annual canary grass (Phalaris minor) and wild mustard (Sinapis arvensis) at different density on yield and yield component of wheat. Pajouhesh and Sazandegi. 74: 72-78. (In Persian).
Morishita, D.W. and Thill, D.C. 1988. Factors of wild oat interference on spring barley (Hordeum vulgare) growth and yield. Weed Sci. 36 (1); 37-42. 
Mottaghi, S., Akbari, G.H., Minbashi, M., Allahdadi, I. and Zand, E. 2013. Evaluation of weed density, diversity and structure in irrigated wheat fields in different climates in Iran. Ecology Agric. 3(2): 15-34. (In Persian)
Nourmohammadi, G.H., Siadat, A. and Kashani, A. 2007. Agronomy, cereals first volume. Shahid Chamran University Press, Ahvaz. Iran. (In Persian).   تعداد صفحات؟؟؟
Omidbaigi, R. and De Mastro, G. 2004. Influence of sowing time on the biological behavior, biomass production, and rutin content of buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench). Ital. J. Agron. 8 (1): 47-50. 
Rasmussen, I.A. 1993. Seed production of Chenopodium album in spring barley sprayed with different herbicides in normal to very low doses. In: 8th EWRS Symposium Quantitative approaches in weed and herbicide research and their practical application, Braunschweig, Germany, 639-646.
Rasmussen, I.A. 2004. The effect of sowing date, stale seedbed, row width and mechanical weed control on weeds and yields of organic winter wheat. Weed Res. 44 (1): 12-20.
Seed and Plant Improvement Institute. 2012. http://www. Spii.ir/ 11746. (In Persian).
Sharafizadeh, M., Fathi, G., Siadat, A. and Radmehr, M. 2000. Evaluation the effect of planting date on seed yield and rembolization of barley storage materials. Agric. Science. 11: 13-21. (In Persian).
Singh, S.B. and Dixit, R.S. 1985. Effect of sowing date on wheat varieties. Indian J. Agron. 32: 512-513.
Singh, R.K. and Ghosh, A.K. 1992. Effect of temperature and sowing date on germination and infestation of wild oats. Indian J. Weed Sci. 24: 42-48.
Singh, S., Malik, R.K., Panwar, R.S. and Balyan, R.S. 1995. Influence of sowing time on winter wild oat (Avena ludoviciana) control in wheat (Triticum aestivum) with isoproturon. Weed Sci. 43(3): 370-374.
Stone, M.J., Cralle, H.T., Chandler, J.M., Bovey, R.W. and Carson, K.H. 1998. Above-and below-ground interference of wheat (Triticum aestivum) by Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum). Weed Sci. 46; 438-441.
Thurston, J.M. 1961. The effect of depth of burying and frequency of cultivation on survival and germination of seeds of wild oats (Avena fatua L. and Avena ludoviciana Dur.) Weed Res. 1: 19-31.
Tilman, D. 1988. Plant strategies and the dynamics and structure of plant communities. Princeton (NJ). Princeton University Press. 360 Pp.
Wilson, B.J., Peters, N.C.B., Wright, K.J. and Atkins, H.A. 1988. The influence of crop competition on the seed production of Lamium purpureum, Viola arvensis and Papaver rhoeas in winter wheat. Aspects of Applied Biology 18, Weed Control in Cereals and the Impact of Legislation on Pesticide Application. 71-80.
Wysocki, D. and Corp, M. 2006. Using seed size, planting date and expected yield to adjust dryland winter wheat seedling rates. p: 103-110 in Oregon Agriculture Experiment Station Special Report 1068.
Yousefi Moghaddam, R., Khorramdel, S., Bannayan Aval, M. and Nassiri Mahallati, M. 2018. Comparison of old and new dryland wheat cultivars in response to different planting dates. Appl. Res. Field Crops. 31(2): 46-72. (In Persian).
Zare, a., Rahimian, H., Oveisi, M. and Hamidi, R. 2015. Evaluation of dormancy and germination model of wild oat and factors influencing on herbicides inefficiency on its control. Ph.D thesis. University of Tehran.
Zhang, J. and Maun, M.A. 1990. Effects of sand burial on seed germination, seedling emergence, survival and growth of Agropyron psammophilum. Can. J. Bot. 68: 304.310.
 
 
Iranian Journal of Weed Science
Volume 16, Issue 2
October 2020
Pages 57-73

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics