Allelopathic Effect of Plantago psyllium on Germination and Growth Stages of Four Weed Species

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

Abstract

Field observations suggested that French psyllium (Plantago psyllium) probably exerts allelopathic effects, although there was no evidence in the literature to support this assumption. The main objectives of this study were to determine whether P. psyllium affects the germination and growth of some weeds by allelopathic function. To explore allelopathic responses of P. psyllium upon germination and growth stages of redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus ), wild barley (Hordeum leporinum), black mustard (Brassica nigra), Lambsquarters (Chenopodioum album L.), a laboratory bioassay and three greenhouse experiments including root and above ground residues of P. psyllium effects and simultaneous growth of P. psyllium with weeds on target plants were conducted. Results showed that aqueous shoot extract, shoot residue and simultaneous growth of P. psyllium displayed the most consistent negative effects on germination and dry matter of target plants, respectively. Shoot residue and simultaneous growth significantly decreased height and dry matter of all target species except for wild barley. On the other hand, there were no significant effects of root residue of Corresponence to: Asghar Rahimi, Rahimiasg@yahoo.com A.Rahimi et al 14 P.psyllium on dry matter and height of target plants. Results also showed that P. psyllium can decrease the ability of weeds to germinate, grow and survive especially in drought-prone environments and where water resources are limited.

Keywords

References

Ahn, J. K. and Chung, I. M. 2000. Allelopathic potential of rice hulls on germination and
seedling growth of barnyardgrass. Agronomy Journal 92:1162–1167.
Ampong-Nyarko, K. and De Datta, S. K. 1991. A handbook for weed control in rice. Institute
Rice Research Industry, Manila, Philippines P: 384.
Iranian Journal of Weed Science,(2006)Vol 2,No. 2, 13-30
29
Bell, D. T. and Koeppe, D. E. 1972: Noncompetitive effect of giant foxtail on the growth of
corn. Agronomy Journal 64, 321—325.
Ben-Hammouda, M., Kremer, R. J. and Minor, H. C. 1995. Phytotoxicity of extracts from
sorghum plant components on wheat seedlings. Crop Science 35, 1652—1656.
Blum, U., King, L. D. Gerig, T. M. Lehman, M. E. and Worsham, A. D. 1997. Effects of clover
and small grain cover crops and tillage techniques on seedling emergence of some
dicotyledonous species. American Journal of Alternative Agric 12: 146—161.
Boyer, J. S. and Knipling, E. B. 1965. Isopiestic technique for measuring leaf water potentials
with a thermocouple psychrometer. The National Academy of Sciences Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences, USA 54, 1044—1051.
Chon, S. U., Nelson, C. J. and Coutts, J. H. 2004. Osmotic and autotoxin effects of leaf extracts
on germination and seedling growth of alfalfa. Agronomy Journal 96: 1673—1679.
Chon, S. U. and Boo, H. O. 2005. Difference in allelopathic potential as influenced by root
periderm colour of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas). Journal Agronomy & Crop Science
191: 75-80.
Drost, D. C. and Doll, J. D. 1980. The allelopathic effect of yellow nutsedge on corn and
soybeans. Weed Science 28: 229-233.
Guenzi, W. D., Kehr, W. R. and McCalla, T. M. 1964: Water soluble phytotoxic substances in
alfalfa forage: Variation with variety, cutting, year and stage of growth. Agronomy Journal
56: 499-500.
Kato-Noguchi, H., Kosemura, S., Yamamura, S. 1998. Allelopathic potential of 5-chloro-6-
methoxy-2-benzoxazoline. Phytochemistry, 3: 433-435(3).
Kato-Noguchi, H., Kosemura, S., Yamamura, S., Mizutani, J. and Hasegawa, K. 1994.
Allelopathy of oats. I. Assessment of allelopathic potential of oat shoots and identification
of an allelochemical. Journal of Chemical Ecology 20: 309-314.
Keilo, H., Kosumi, Y., Hideyuki, S. and Koji, H. 2004. Effects of seed exudates of several plant
species during germination stage. Weed Biology Management 4: 171–175.
Khan, M. A., Ungar, I. A., and Showalter, A. M. 1997. Effect of thermoperiod on recovery of
seed germination of halophytes from saline condition. American Journal of Botany 84:
279-283.
Macias, F. A. 1993. Allelopathy in the search for natural herbicide on germination and seedling
growth of barnyardgrass. Agronomy Journal 2: 308–329.
Molisch, H. 1937. Der Einfluss einer Pflanze auf die andere-allelopathie. Gustav Fischer
Verlag, Jena.
A.Rahimi et al
30
Moyer, J. R., and Huang, H. C. 1997. Effects of aqueous extracts of crop residues on
germination and seedling growth of ten weed species. Botany Academic Science 38, 131—
139.
Pujol, J. A., Calvo, J. F. and Ramırez. 2000. Recovery of germination from different osmotic
conditions by four halophytes from Southeastern Spain. Annual Botany 85: 279–286.
Raimbault, B. A., Vyn, T. J. and Tollenaar, M. 1990. Corn response to rye cover crop
management and spring tillage systems. Agronomy Journal 82: 1088-1093.
Rahimi, A. 2007. Investigation of ecophysiological aspects of two plantago species under
drought stress. PhD thesis. University of Tehran. P. 224.
Rice, E. L. 1995. Biological control of weeds and plant diseases: Advances in applied
allelopathy. University of Oklahoma Press, Norman. P. 450.
Stephenson, G. R. 2000. Herbicide use and world food production: Risks and benefits. p. 240.
In Abstracts of International Weed Science Congress. 3rd, Foz Do Iguassu, Brazil. 6–11
June.
Tawaha, A. M. and Turk, M. A. 2003. Allelopathic effects of black mustard (Brassica nigra) on
germination and growth of wild barley (Hordeum spontaneum). Journal of Agronomy and
Crop Science 189: 298—303.
Vicente, O., Boscaiu, M. and Naranjo, A. 2004. Responses to salt stress in the halophyte
Plantago crassifolia (Plantaginaceae). Journal of Arid Environment 58: 463–481.
Wu, H., Haig, T., Pratley, J., Lemerle, D. and An, M. 2001. Allelochemicals in wheat (Triticum
aestivum L.) variation of phenolic acid in shoot tissues. Journal of Chemical Ecology 27:p
125—135.
Zahoor, A., Ghafor, A., and Muhammad, A. A crop of arid and dry climates with immense
herbal and pharmaceutical importance. Introduction of medicinal herbs and spices as crops
ministry of food, agriculture and livestock, Pakistan. P.
Iranian Journal of Weed Science
Volume 2, Issue 2 - Serial Number 2
December 2006
Pages 13-30

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics