Document Type : Research Article
Authors
1
mohghegh ardabiliPlant Protection Department, South Kerman Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center (AREEO), Jiroft, Iran
2
Department of Weed Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
10.22034/ijws.2026.370513.1493
Abstract
The emergence of herbicide-resistant weeds has emerged as a critical challenge to modern agriculture, endangering global food security. In response to widespread reports of ineffective herbicide control of wild-mustard (Sinapis arvensis L.) in wheat fields of Iran, The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with five treatments and five replications, which evaluated 51 wild mustard populations collected from 26 counties across eight provinces, were evaluated. Resistance status was assessed using the Adkins and Moss protocol, applying recommended doses of mesosulfuron + iodosulfuron (MI, OD1.2%, 96 g a.i. ha-1), tribenuron-methyl (TM. DF75%, 30 g a.i. ha-1), 2,4-D + MCPA (DM, SL67.5%, 1500 g a.i. ha-1), bromoxynil + MCPA (BM, EC640%, 1500 g a.i. ha-1), and mesosulfuron + iodosulfuron + diflufenican (MID, OD6%, 96 g a.i. ha-1). The results revealed a high incidence of resistance, with 44 populations (86.27%) were resistant to TM, 38 populations (74.5%) to MI, and 11 populations (21.56%) to MID. Resistance to both ALS-inhibiting herbicides, MI and TM, was identified in 36 populations (71%), while simultaneous resistance to MI, TM, and MID was confirmed in 7 populations (14%). The widespread resistance to MI and TM suggests that continued reliance on these herbicides is no longer agronomically viable. These findings underscore the need for an integrated weed management strategy in wheat systems, in which the rotational use of herbicides with different modes of action, such as BM and DM, alongside crop practices, may substantially reduce the agronomic burden imposed by herbicide-resistant wild mustard.
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