Document Type : Research Article
Authors
1
Msc. in Weeds Science, Plant Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Gonbad Kavous University, Gonbad Kavous, Iran
2
Plant Production Dep.artment, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Gonbad Kavous University, Gonbad Kavous, Golestan province, Iran. P.O.B. 163.
3
Plant Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Gonbad Kavous University, Gonbad Kavous, Iran
4
Researcher of the Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center of Golestan Province, Agricultural and Horticultural Science Research Department, Golesta provice, Iran.
10.22034/ijws.2026.371155.1502
Abstract
An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the application of dual-purpose and single-purpose herbicides, as well as herbicide mixtures, in controlling weeds and their impact on yield components, seed yield, and physiological and biochemical traits of the barley cultivar-Fardan, using a randomized complete block design with three replications. The treatments included Bazagran DP (Bentazon + Dichlorprop), Axial 1 (Pinoxaden + Cloquintocet-mexyl), Apirus (Sulfosulfuron), Atlantis (Mesosulfuron-Methyl + Iodosulfuron-methyl-sodium + Mefenpyr-diethyl), Axial (Pinoxaden) + Bromicid MA (Bromoxynil + MCPA), Axial + Buctril-Universal (Bromoxynil + 2,4 D), Granstar (Tribenuron-methyl), Puma super (Fenoxaprop-p-ethyl), Granstar + Iluxan (Diclofop-methyl), and no herbicide application with manual weeding as the control. The studied herbicides were applied based on the Zadok coding system at the initial tillering time. According to the results, eight weed species were identified in the experimental plots, with prostrate knotweed (Polygonum aviculare L.), rough mustard (Rapistrum rugosum L.), and wild oats (Avena ludoviciana Durieu) being the dominant species. The dry weight of weeds was significantly affected by different herbicide treatments and no herbicide application. The highest barley seed yield was observed in the Bazagran-DP and weeding treatments (3653 and 3631 kg ha⁻¹, respectively), was obtained in the treatment without herbicide application at 1361 kg /ha. Axial 1 and its combination with Bromicid MA also increased barley seed yield through effective weed control. Despite a relative increase in osmotic adjustment compounds and total phenols, chlorophyll content decreased. This study indicated that the enhancement of physiological and biochemical protective traits primarily reflects the plant's defensive
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