بررسی فنولوژی تطبیقی ارشته‏ خطایی (Lepyrodiclis holosteoides) و گندم (Triticum aestivum) به منظور تعیین بهترین مرحله رشدی حساس این علف‏ هرز به علف‏کش‏ها

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه زراعت دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

2 گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات - دانشکده کشاورزی - دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

3 دانشیار دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

4 گروه اگروتکنولوژی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

چکیده

به منظور بررسی فنولوژی تطبیقی ارشته‏خطایی(Lepyrodiclis holosteoides)  در انطباق با مراحل نمو گندم، ارزیابی کارایی برخی از علف‏کش‏های رایج در مزارع گندم برای کنترل این علف‏هرز و تعیین بهترین مرحله فنولوژی برای کنترل شیمیایی ارشته‏خطایی، دو مطالعه جداگانه در سال زراعی 1394-1393، در مزارع موسسه تحقیقات علوم دامی شهرستان کرج اجرا شد. در مطالعه نخست، تعیین و تطبیق فنولوژی ارشته‏خطایی و گندم، بر اساس سنجه درجه-روز رشد به انجام رسید و ارشته‏خطایی، طی 202 روز و با کسب 2673 درجه–روز رشد، از مرحله سبز شدن تا رسیدگی و آزاد شدن بذر، به چرخه زندگی خود ادامه داد و مراحل نمو آن در انطباق کامل با مراحل نمو گندم بود. آزمایش دوم، در قالب طرح بلوک‏های کامل تصادفی و با آرایش تیماری کرت‏های خرد شده انجام شد. تاریخ سمپاشی در دو مرحله مختلف نمو گندم (ابتدای پنجه‏زنی و انتهای پنجه‏زنی بر مبنای مقیاس کدبندی فیکس)، به عنوان فاکتور اصلی و استفاده برخی از پرکاربردترین علف‏کش‏های پس رویشی توصیه شده برای مزارع گندم، به عنوان فاکتور فرعی آزمایش در نظر گرفته شد. نتایج این آزمایش نشان داد که علف‏کش بروموکسینیل، با کاهش بیش از 90 درصد تراکم و زیست‏توده ارشته‏خطایی، برترین تیمار این آزمایش بود و اگرچه کاربرد علف‏کش‏ها در مرحله پنج مقیاس فیکس، باعث افزایش بیشتر عملکرد گندم شد، اما با توجه به مکانیسم اثر بروموکسینیل و در نظر گرفتن مرحله رشدی ارشته خطایی، کاربرد بروموکسینیل در مرحله دو مقیاس فیکس، می تواند منجر به کنترل مطلوب این علف‏هرز سمج در مزارع گندم شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Comparative phenology of Lepyrodiclis (Lepyrodiclis holosteoidesFenzl.) and wheat (Triticumaestivum L.) to determine the best herbicide-sensitive growth stage

نویسندگان [English]

  • mohammad sarhaddi 1
  • Mehdi Rastgoo 2
  • Ebrahim Izadi-darbandi 3
  • Ali Ghanbari 4
1 agronomy department of agriculture faculty, ferdusi mashad university
2 Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding - Faculty of Agriculture - Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
3 Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad Iran
4 Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad Iran
چکیده [English]

To evaluate the comparative phenology of wheat and Lepyrodiclis (Lepyrodiclis holosteoidesFenzl.)growth stages and to determine the best phenological stage for some recommended post-emergence herbicide applications as well as their efficacy on Lepyrodiclis controll, this study was conducted during 2014 – 2015 in the fields of Animal Science Research Institute, Karaj. In the first experiment, comparative phenology between wheat and Lepyrodiclis was determined based on growing degree-days. Results showed that Lepyrodiclis completed its life cycle, from the seedling stage to the end of ripening, during 202 days, by achieving 2673 GDD and its developmental stages were fully adapted to the developmental stages of wheat. The second study was a split plot experiment carried out in randomized complete block design. Treatments were herbicide application time (two different wheat phenological stages; 2nd and 5th stages of Feekes scale) as main plot and application recommended doses of some broadleaved and dual purpose herbicides for wheat farms as sub plot Results showed that application of bromoxynil suppressed Lepyrodiclis effectively and reduced more than 90% of the density and biomass of the weed. Due to its decisive controlling effects, it was the best treatment between all applied herbicides. Although the use of herbicides at 5th stage of the Feekes scale increased the yield of wheat, but because of the mechanism of action of bromoxynil and according to phonological stage of Lepyrodiclis, application of bromoxynil in stage two of Feekes lead to favorable control of Lepyrodiclis in wheat fields.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Bromoxynil
  • Feekes scale
  • growing degree- days (GDD)
  • wheat development

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دانش علف‌های هرز ایران
دوره 14، شماره 2
دی 1397
صفحه 43-60

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