مطالعه تأثیر چند علف‌کش در مهار علف‌های‌هرز سورگوم علوفه‏ای (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 مرکز تحقیقات مشهد

2 مرکز تحقیقات اهواز

3 موسسه تحقیقات گیاهپزشکی

چکیده

به ‏منظور بررسی کارایی ترکیب‌های مختلف علف‌کش‏های پیش‏رویشی و پس‏رویشی برای مهار علف‌های‌هرز سورگوم علوفه‏ای، آزمایشی در سال 1389 و در سه منطقه مشهد، اهواز و ورامین انجام شد. قالب طرح، بلوک‏های کامل تصادفی با چهار تکرار و 10 تیمار بود. تیمارها شامل دو علف‌کش پیش‏رویشی استوکلر (آسنیت EC 50%) و پندی‏متالین (استومپ EC 33%) به میزان 5/3 لیتر ماده تجاری در هکتار در ترکیب با چهار علف‌کش پس‏رویشی توفوردی + ام‏سی‏پی‏آ (SL 5/67%)، توفوردی + دای‏کامبا (دیالن سوپر SL 6/46%)، بروموکسینیل + ام‏سی‏پی‏آ (برومایسید ام آ EC 40%) و بنتازون (بازاگران SL 48%) به ترتیب به میزان 5/1، یک، 5/1 و 2/1 لیتر از ماده تجاری در هکتار همراه با دو شاهد بدون وجین و با وجین پیاده شدند. همه تیمار‏ها در کنترل پهن‏برگ‏ها موفق بودند و با توجه به غالبیت پهن‏برگ‏ها دراین تحقیق، عملکرد علوفه خشک سورگوم نسبت به شاهد بدون وجین در همه تیمار‏ها افزایش یافت. تیمار استوکلر به‏ همراه بروموکسینیل + ام‌سی‌پی‌آ در مهار پهن‏برگ‏ها موفق‏تر بود، در حالی که تیمار‏های ترکیبی با بنتازون از کارایی کمتری برخوردار بودند. هیچیک از علف‌کش‌های استوکلر و پندی‌متالین قادر به کنترل باریک‏برگ چند ساله قیاق (Sorghum halepense) نبودند، در حالی که باریک‌برگ یک‌ساله درنه‌سرخه (Echinocloa colonum) توسط آن‏ها کنترل شد. استوکلر در کنار بنتازون در مهار اویارسلام مؤثر بود ولی نشانه‏هایی از خسارت توسط آن‏ها روی سورگوم مشاهده شد. گیاه‏سوزی جزئی استوکلر در مشهد با کاهش عملکرد سورگوم همراه نبود و توانست علف‌های‌هرز را مهار کند در حالی که گیاه‏سوزی بنتازون در اهواز موجب کاهش عملکرد شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of some Herbicides on Weed Suppression in Forage Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench)

نویسندگان [English]

  • mohammad Hassan Hadizadeh 1
  • Hossein Torabi 1
  • reza pourazar 2
  • mohammad ali baghestani 3
چکیده [English]

This study was performed to evaluate the efficacy of combination of two pre-emergence herbicides with broad and narrow leaf weed spectrum and four post-emergence herbicides with broad leaf spectrum for use in forage sorghum in three locations )Iran):Mashhad, Ahwaz and Varamin during 2010. The experiment was conducted in a RCBD design with four replications. Treatments consisted of acetochlor (Acenit EC 50%, at 3.5 L ha-1) and pendimethalin (Stomp EC 33%, 4 L ha-1) as pre-emergence in combination with post application of 2,4-D+MCPA (U46 Combi Fluid SL 67.5%), Bromoxinil+MCPA (Bromicide MA EC 40%), 2,4-D+Dicamba (Dialen Super SL 46.4%), and Bentazon (Basagran SL 48%) at 1.5, 1, 1.5 and 1.2 L ha-1 respectively and the weed free and weed infested controls. As expected, all treatments were successful in broad leaf weed suppression and therefore increased forage yield comparing to weed infested check. These results showed that all herbicides used in this research can be used alternatively in sorghum. Acetochlor in combination with 2,4-D+MCPA was the best treatment in weed suppression and yield increase while treatments containing bentazone were weak. Neither acetochlor nor pendimethalin succeeded in Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense (L.)Pers.) suppression while Jungle rice (Echinochloa colonum (L.) Link) was controlled by these two herbicides. Acetochlor in combination with bentazone were effective in Nutsedge (Cyperus sp.) suppression but they show some injury on sorghum. This injury did not affect the yield in Mashhad but in Ahwas decreased yield. Since only broad leaf spectrum herbicides were used as post-emergence in this research, more study on post narrow leaf spectrum herbicides for sorghum are recommended.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Injury symptoms
  • pre-emergence
  • post-emergence
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