مدلسازی برهمکنش کود نیتروژن و علف‌کش بر علف‌‌های‌‌هرز تاتوره (Datura stramonium L.) و تاج‌خروس ریشه قرمز (Amaranthus retroflexus L.)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 کارشناسی ارشد

2 محقق

چکیده

به منظور انتخاب مدل ترکیبی مناسب در توصیف ارتباط بین واکنش به دز علف‌کش نیکوسولفورون و سطوح کودی نیتروژن در پیش‌بینی کنترل علف‌های‌هرز تاتوره و تاج‌خروس ریشه‌قرمز، آزمایشی در قالب طرح فاکتوریل بر پایه کاملاً تصادفی با سه تکرار در گلخانه تحقیقاتی پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران (کرج) در سال 1388 انجام شد. نیتروژن در چهار سطح (0، 90، 180 و 360 کیلوگرم در هکتار کود اوره) و  علف‌کش نیکوسولفورون در پنج سطح (0، 5/0، 1، 5/1 و 2 لیتر در هکتار) بکار برده شدند. آنالیز واریانس حاکی از تفاوت معنی‌دار تیمارهای کود، علف‌کش و اثرات متقابل بین کود و علف‌کش بر روی زیست توده هر دو علف‌هرز بود. منحنی استاندارد واکنش به دز بعنوان مدل پایه در نظر گرفته شد و سپس کارآیی این مدل در تعیین زیست توده علف‌هرز با کاربرد سطوح علف‌کش در هر سطح کودی بررسی گردید تا صحت این انتخاب تأیید گردد. برای تعیین ارتباط هر یک از پارامترهای مدل پایه با سطوح کودی، مدل‌های ممکن مورد بررسی قرار گرفت و مدل‌های مناسب بعنوان زیر مدل در مدل پایه قرار داده شدند تا در نهایت، مدل ترکیبی نهایی ارائه گردید. زیست توده این دو علف‌هرز در تیمار بدون علف‌کش با افزایش کود، رفتار متفاوتی از خود نشان داد. روند این تغییرات در سطوح مختلف کودی با مدل‌های خطی و کوآدراتیک، بترتیب در مورد تاج‌خروس و تاتوره توصیف شده بود. افزایش نیتروژن در تاتوره، واکنش به دز علف‌کش را تغییری نداد، زیرا پارامترهای شیب منحنی و دز مورد نیاز برای 50% کاهش زیست توده علف‌هرز تاتوره رفتار مشخصی با افزایش کود نیتروژن از خود نشان نداده و لذا منحنی استاندارد واکنش به دز با این دو پارامتر ثابت، بهترین توصیف‌ زیست توده تاتوره زمانیکه تحت تأثیر کود و علف‌کش قرار می‌گیرند، می‌باشد. ولی منحنی استاندارد واکنش به دز تاج‌خروس با جایگذاری پارامترهای شیب منحنی و دز مورد نیاز برای 50% کاهش زیست توده این علف‌هرز، بترتیب با مدل نمایی و خطی تصحیح شده بود. مدل‌های نهایی ارائه شده قادر به پیش‌بینی زیست توده این دو علف‌هرز زمانیکه تحت تأثیر دزهای علف‌کش و کود نیتروژن قرار دارند، می‌باشند

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Modelling Interactions between Nitrogen Fertilizer and Herbicide in Jimsonweed (Datura stramonium L.) and Redroot Pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.)

نویسندگان [English]

  • rahmat abbasi 1
  • hassan alizadeh 2
  • daryoush mazaheri 2
  • hamid rahimian mashadi 2
  • mohammad baghestani 2
چکیده [English]

In order to select appropriate combined model to describe the relationship between herbicide dose–response and nitrogen fertilizer levels in predicting jimsonweed and redroot pigweed control a experiment was laid out in a factorial design based on complete randomized design (CRD) with three replicates in research greenhouses of Agriculture Campus of Tehran University, Karaj in 2009. The four levels of nitrogen (0, 90, 180 and 360 kg ha-1 urea fertilizer) and five levels of Nicosulfuron (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2 L.ha-1) were applied. Analysis of variance demonstrated the there were significant effects of fertilizer and herbicide treatment and interaction between herbicide and nitrogen on both of weed biomass.‌ The standard dose–response curve was considered for base model. Then efficiency of this model assesses to weed biomass determination at each nitrogen level that accuracy of this model confirms. For determination of relation each of parameters of base model with fertilizer levels, possible models were considered and appropriate models as sub-model were settled at base model, ultimately final combined model presented. The biomass of both weeds at no-herbicide treatment (Wo) showed a different behavior with increasing nitrogen. Trend of these changes at nitrogen levels was well described by the linear and quadratic models for redroot pigweed and jimsonweed, respectively. Increasing nitrogen didn’t change herbicide dose-response of jimsonweed, because steepness of the curve (β) and the effective dose required to reduce weed biomass by 50% (ED50) parameters of this weed not showed a clear behavior with increasing nitrogen. Therefore standard dose–response curve with constant β and ED50 parameters was best describing of jimsonweed biomass as affected by both the herbicide dose and nitrogen level. But standard dose–response curve of redroot pigweed was modified by replacing the parameter β and ED50 with the exponential and linear curves, respectively. The final presented models can be used to predict weed control by an herbicide as affected by both the herbicide dose and nitrogen level.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Modelling
  • Dose-response
  • Nicosulfuron herbicide
  • Nitrogen fertilizer
  • Jimsonweed
  • and Redroot pigweed

مراجع

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