برهمکنش غلظت‌های مختلف علف‌کش مزوسولفورون +یودوسولفورون+ دیفلوفنیکان (اُتللو) و رطوبت خاک بر کنترل علف هرز خردل وحشی (Sinapis arvensis) در گندم

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات ، دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه تهران

2 گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران

3 پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران

4 سازمان حفظ نباتات کشور

چکیده

شرایط محیطی از جمله رطوبت خاک، تأثیر بسزایی بر کارایی علف‌کش‌ها دارد. به منظور ارزیابی اثر غلظت‌های علف‌کش اُتللو در شرایط مختلف رطوبت خاک بر علف هرز خردل وحشی و گندم، آزمایش گلخانه ای، به صورت کرت‌های خردشده بر پایه طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در گلخانه تحقیقاتی پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران انجام شد. سه سطح رطوبت خاک شامل ظرفیت مزرعه، 75% ظرفیت مزرعه و 50% ظرفیت مزرعه و غلظت‌های مختلف علف‌کش مزوسولفورون +یودوسولفورون+دیفلوفنیکان، شامل صفر، 33، 66، 99، 132 و 165 گرم ماده موثره در هکتار بودند. نتایج نشان داد که میزان غلظت لازم برای کاهش 50 درصد وزن خشک خردل وحشی در رطوبت ظرفیت مزرعه 57/71 گرم ماده موثره در هکتار بود در حالی که در رطوبت 75 % و 50% ظرفیت مزرعه، به ترتیب 69/88 و 21/116 گرم ماده موثره در هکتار بود. میزان غلظت لازم برای کاهش 50 درصد وزن خشک گندم در رطوبت ظرفیت مزرعه، 50/86 گرم ماده موثره در هکتار بود و در رطوبت 75 % و 50% ظرفیت مزرعه، این غلظت لازم به ترتیب به 5/102 و 95/73 گرم ماده موثره در هکتار رسید. نتایج نشان داد که در رطوبت 50 درصد ظرفیت مزرعه، غلظت‌های کمتر این علف‌کش نیز باعث اثرات سوء بر گندم خواهند شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Interaction effects of different concentrations of Mesosulfuron + Iodosulfuron + Diflufenican (Othello) herbicide and soil moisture content on control of Sinapis arvensis in wheat

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohammad Amin Ghassam 1
  • Hassan Alizadeh 2
  • Mostafa Oveisi 3
  • Mohammad Ali Baghestani 4
1 Agronomy and Plant Breeding Department of Tehran University
2 Agronomy and Plant Breeding
3 Agronomy and Plant Breeding Department
4 Plant protection Organization
چکیده [English]

Environmental conditions such as soil moisture have a significant effect on herbicides efficacy. In order to evaluate the effect of Othello herbicide in different soil moisture conditions on wild mustard and wheat, a greenhouse experiment was conducted as split plot based on randomized complete block design with three replications. Three levels of soil moisture including field capacity, 75% field capacity and 50% field capacity, and 0, 33, 66, 99, 132 and 165 grams of active ingredient of Mesosulfuron + Iodosulfuron + Diflufenican per hectare were the experimental treatments. Results showed that the concentration required to reduce the dry matter content of wild mustard by 50% in the field capacity was 71.57 g.a.i /ha of herbicide, while in 75% and 50% of the field capacity, it was increased to 88.69 and 112.11 g of active ingredient per hectare, respectively. The required concentration to reduce 50% of dry weight of wheat in the field capacity was 86.85 g.a.i / ha, while it reached to 102.5 and 73.95 g.a.i /ha at75% and 50% moisture content, , respectively. The results of the data showed that at 50% moisture content of the field capacity, lower concentrations of this herbicide would also have adverse effects on wheat.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Fresh and Dry weight
  • Herbicide Efficiency
  • Soil Moisture

مراجع

Abbott, L.B., and T.M. Sterling. 2006. Recovery of African rue seedlings from water stress: Implications for recruitment and invasion. African rue (Peganum harmala) seedling response to herbicides applied under water-deficit stress. Weed Sci. 54:198-204.
Agriculture Jihad Statistics. 2016. WWW.maj.ir.
Bruce, J. A., J. B. Carey, D. Penner, and J. J. Kells. 1996. Effect of growth stage and environment on foliar absorption, translocation, metabolism, and activity of nicosulfuron in quackgrass (Elytrigia repens). Weed Sci. 44:447–454.
Agriculture and Food Organization.2016. http:// www.FAO.org . Accessed: January 29, 2016.
Jursik, M., J. Soukup., J. Holec., J. Andr and K. Hamouzova. 2015. Efficacy and Selectivity of Pre-emergent Sunflower Herbicides under Different Soil Moisture Conditions. Plant Protect. Sci. vol 51, No 214-222.
Malefyt, T. and L. Quakenbush. 1991. Influence of environmental factors on the biological activity of the imidazolinone herbicides. Pages 103– 127 in D. L. Shaner and S. L. O’Connor, ed. The Imidazolinone Herbicides. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
Kudsk, P., & Kristensen J. L. (1992). Effect of environmental factors on herbicide performance. Proceedings of the first international weed control congress, Vol. 1, pp. 173–186.
Kudsk, P., Olesen, T., Thonke, K.E., 1990. The influence of temperature, humidity and simulated rain on the performance of thiameturon-methyl. Weed Res. 30, 261–269.
Olson, B.L., K. Al-Khatib., P. Stahlman., P.J. Isakson, 2000. Efficacy and metabolism of MON 37500 inTriticum aestivum and weedy grass species as affected by temperature and soil moisture. Weed Sci. 48, 541–548.
Parker, R ,. 2008 . Turf and ornamental weed management principles – Washington State University Extension.
 Pereira, M.R.R., D. Martins, J.I.C. Silva, A.C.P. Rodrigues-Costa, and A.E. Klar. 2010. Efeito de herbicidas sobre plantas de Brachiaria plantaginea submetidas a estresse hídrico. Planta dan. 28:1047-1058.
Pereira, M.R.R., G.S.F. Souza, D. Martins, A.L. Melhorança Filho, and A.E. Klar. 2011. Respostas de plantas de Eleusine indica sob diferentes condições hídricas a herbicidas inibidores da ACCase. Planta dan. 29:397-404.
Rocha-Pereira, M. R., Antônio E. Klar, Dagoberto Martins, Guilherme S. Ferreira de Souza, and Juana Villalba . 2012. Effect of water stress on herbicide efficiency applied to Urochloa decumbens.  Cien. Inv. Agr. 39(1):211-220.
 
Santos, R.F., and R. Carlesso. 1998. Déficit hídricoe os processos morfológicos e fisiológicos das plantas. Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícolae Ambiental 2:287-294.
Sebastian, D. J., S. J. Nissen., P. Westra., D. L. Shaner and G. Butters. 2016. Influence of soil properties and soil moisture on the efficacy of indaziflam and flumioxazin on Kochia scoparia L. Pest Manag Sci 2017; 73: 444–451.
Soukup J., Jursik M., Hamouz P., Holec J., Krupka J. (2004): Influence of soil pH, rainfall, dosage, and application timing of herbicide Merlin 750 WG (isoxaflutole) on phytotoxicity level in maize (Zea mays L.). Plant Soil and Environ., 52: 88–94.
Taiz, L., and E. Zeiger. 2002. Fisiologia vegetal. Terceira edição. Editora Artmed. São Paulo, Brasil. 719 pp.
Wu, C., P. W. Santelmann, and J. M. Davidson. 1974. Influence of soil temperature and moisture on terbutryn activity and persistence. Weed Sci. 22:571–574.
Zand, A., M. A. Baghestani., M. Bitarafan and P. Shimi. 2008. Guidance on herbicides registered in Iran with the application of weed resistance management to herbicides. Mashhad University Press. 180p. (in Persian).
Zanatta J.F., Procopio S.O., Manica R., Pauletro E.A., Cargnelutti F.A., Vargas L., Sganzerla D.C., Rosenthal M.D., Pinto J.J.O. (2008): Soil water contents and fomesafen efficacy in controlling Amaranthus hybridus. Planta dan. 26: 143–155.
Zhang W., Webster E.P., Selim H.M. (2001): Effect of soil moisture on efficacy of imazethapyr in greenhouse. Weed Tech.15: 355–359.
 
Abbott, L.B., and T.M. Sterling. 2006. Recovery of African rue seedlings from water stress: Implications for recruitment and invasion. African rue (Peganum harmala) seedling response to herbicides applied under water-deficit stress. Weed Sci. 54:198-204.
Agriculture Jihad Statistics. 2016. WWW.maj.ir.
Bruce, J. A., J. B. Carey, D. Penner, and J. J. Kells. 1996. Effect of growth stage and environment on foliar absorption, translocation, metabolism, and activity of nicosulfuron in quackgrass (Elytrigia repens). Weed Sci. 44:447–454.
Agriculture and Food Organization.2016. http:// www.FAO.org . Accessed: January 29, 2016.
Jursik, M., J. Soukup., J. Holec., J. Andr and K. Hamouzova. 2015. Efficacy and Selectivity of Pre-emergent Sunflower Herbicides under Different Soil Moisture Conditions. Plant Protect. Sci. vol 51, No 214-222.
Malefyt, T. and L. Quakenbush. 1991. Influence of environmental factors on the biological activity of the imidazolinone herbicides. Pages 103– 127 in D. L. Shaner and S. L. O’Connor, ed. The Imidazolinone Herbicides. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
Kudsk, P., & Kristensen J. L. (1992). Effect of environmental factors on herbicide performance. Proceedings of the first international weed control congress, Vol. 1, pp. 173–186.
Kudsk, P., Olesen, T., Thonke, K.E., 1990. The influence of temperature, humidity and simulated rain on the performance of thiameturon-methyl. Weed Res. 30, 261–269.
Olson, B.L., K. Al-Khatib., P. Stahlman., P.J. Isakson, 2000. Efficacy and metabolism of MON 37500 inTriticum aestivum and weedy grass species as affected by temperature and soil moisture. Weed Sci. 48, 541–548.
Parker, R ,. 2008 . Turf and ornamental weed management principles – Washington State University Extension.
 Pereira, M.R.R., D. Martins, J.I.C. Silva, A.C.P. Rodrigues-Costa, and A.E. Klar. 2010. Efeito de herbicidas sobre plantas de Brachiaria plantaginea submetidas a estresse hídrico. Planta dan. 28:1047-1058.
Pereira, M.R.R., G.S.F. Souza, D. Martins, A.L. Melhorança Filho, and A.E. Klar. 2011. Respostas de plantas de Eleusine indica sob diferentes condições hídricas a herbicidas inibidores da ACCase. Planta dan. 29:397-404.
Rocha-Pereira, M. R., Antônio E. Klar, Dagoberto Martins, Guilherme S. Ferreira de Souza, and Juana Villalba . 2012. Effect of water stress on herbicide efficiency applied to Urochloa decumbens.  Cien. Inv. Agr. 39(1):211-220.
 
Santos, R.F., and R. Carlesso. 1998. Déficit hídricoe os processos morfológicos e fisiológicos das plantas. Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícolae Ambiental 2:287-294.
Sebastian, D. J., S. J. Nissen., P. Westra., D. L. Shaner and G. Butters. 2016. Influence of soil properties and soil moisture on the efficacy of indaziflam and flumioxazin on Kochia scoparia L. Pest Manag Sci 2017; 73: 444–451.
Soukup J., Jursik M., Hamouz P., Holec J., Krupka J. (2004): Influence of soil pH, rainfall, dosage, and application timing of herbicide Merlin 750 WG (isoxaflutole) on phytotoxicity level in maize (Zea mays L.). Plant Soil and Environ., 52: 88–94.
Taiz, L., and E. Zeiger. 2002. Fisiologia vegetal. Terceira edição. Editora Artmed. São Paulo, Brasil. 719 pp.
Wu, C., P. W. Santelmann, and J. M. Davidson. 1974. Influence of soil temperature and moisture on terbutryn activity and persistence. Weed Sci. 22:571–574.
Zand, A., M. A. Baghestani., M. Bitarafan and P. Shimi. 2008. Guidance on herbicides registered in Iran with the application of weed resistance management to herbicides. Mashhad University Press. 180p. (in Persian).
Zanatta J.F., Procopio S.O., Manica R., Pauletro E.A., Cargnelutti F.A., Vargas L., Sganzerla D.C., Rosenthal M.D., Pinto J.J.O. (2008): Soil water contents and fomesafen efficacy in controlling Amaranthus hybridus. Planta dan. 26: 143–155.
Zhang W., Webster E.P., Selim H.M. (2001): Effect of soil moisture on efficacy of imazethapyr in greenhouse. Weed Tech.15: 355–359.
 
 
 
دانش علف‌های هرز ایران
دوره 14، شماره 1
شهریور 1397
صفحه 59-69

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