بررسی تأثیر چندین علف‌کش بر کنترل علف‌های‌هرز و عملکرد زیره سبز (Cuminum cyminum L)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 تولیدات گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه گنبدکاووس، گنبدکاووس، استان گلستان، ایران- صندوق پستی 163.

2 تولیدات گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه گنبدکاووسف گنبدکاووس، استان گلستان، ایران- صندوق پستی 163.

چکیده

این آزمایش، به ‏منظور ارزیابی اثر علف‌کش‌های پیشکاشت تریفلورالین (نام تجاری: ترفلان) 48 درصد ای سی، اتال‎فلورالین (نام تجاری: سونالان) 3/33 درصد ای سی، علف‌کش‌های پیش‎رویشی اگزادیازون (نام تجاری: رونستار) 25 درصد ای سی و 12 درصد اس ا، سیمازین (نام تجاری: پرینسب) 4 ال و پرومترین (نام تجاری: گزاگارد) 80 درصد پودر وتابل و علف‌کش‌ پس‌رویشی لینورون (نام تجاری: آفالن) 50 درصد پودر وتابل و 45 درصد درصد اس ال، بر کنترل علف‌های‌هرز و عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد دانه و نیز، عملکرد و بازده اسانس زیره سبز، در قالب طرح بلوک کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار به اجرا درآمد. پنج گونه علف‌هرز غالب شامل سلمه تره (Chenopodium album)، شاه‎تره (Fumaria officinalis)، هفت ‎بند (Polygonum avicular)، جو‎ موشی (Hordeum murinum) و گندم خودرو (Triticum aestivum) مورد شناسایی قرار گرفتند. نتایج نشان داد که اختلاف معنی‌داری بین تیمارهای مختلف علف‌کش روی تراکم و وزن خشک هر گونه و کل علف‌های‌هرز وجود داشت. تمام علف‌کش‌های مورد بررسی، تراکم کل علف‌های‌هرز را به‎طور معنی‌داری نسبت به شاهد بدون کنترل علف‏هرز کاهش دادند. نقش تیمارها در کاهش تراکم علف‌های هرز به ترتیب عبارت بود از وجین> اتال‎فلورالین> اگزادیازون> تریفلورالین= لینورون= سیمازین> پرومترین. بیشترین و کمترین وزن خشک زیست توده علف‌های‌هرز به ‌ترتیب مربوط به تیمار عدم کاربرد علف‌کش‌ها و تیمار شاهد وجین بود. در بین تیمارهای مختلف علف‌کش‌ها، اتال‎فلورالین و اگزادیازون، به ترتیب با 40/97 و 31/84 درصد نسبت به تیمار عدم کابرد علف‌کش‌، بیش‌ترین کاهش را در وزن خشک علف‌های‌هرز به خود اخصاص دادند. نتایج بیانگر اختلاف معنی‌داری میان تیمارهای مختلف علف‌کش، از لحاظ تأثیر بر تراکم، تعداد چتر در بوته، تعداد دانه در چتر، وزن هزار دانه، عملکرد دانه، عملکرد و بازده اسانس زیره سبز بود. بیشترین و کمترین عملکرد دانه و عملکرد اسانس زیره سبز، به‌ ترتیب مربوط به تیمار شاهد وجین علف‏هرز و عدم وجین بود. مصرف اتال‎فلورالین بعد از تیمار وجین، از بیشترین عملکرد دانه و عملکرد اسانس برخوردار بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Study the Several Herbicides Effect on Weeds Control and Yield of Cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mehdi Dastorani 1
  • Ebrahim Gholamalalipour Alamdari 2
  • Abas Biabani 1
  • Zeinab Avarseji 1
  • Meisam Habibi 2
1 Plant Production Dep.artment, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Gonbad Kavous University, Gonbad Kavous, Golestan province, Iran. P.O.B. 163.
2 Plant Production Dep.artment, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Gonbad Kavous University, Gonbad Kavous, Golestan province, Iran. P.O.B. 163.
چکیده [English]

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of the pre planting herbicides including Trifluralin (Treflan 48% EC) and Ethalfluralin (Sonalan 33.3% EC), pre emergence herbicides including Oxadiazon (Ronstar 25% EC ,12% SL), Simazine (Princep 4L) and Prometryn (Gasagard 80% WP) and post emergence herbicide including Linuron (Afalon 50% WP, 45% SL) on weed control and yield, yield components, seed yield, essence yield and essence efficiency of cumin in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Five dominant weed species i.e. Chenopodium album, Fumaria officinalis, Polygonum avicular, Hordeum murinum and Triticum aestivum were identified. Results showed that effect of the herbicides on density and dry weight of each and total weed species were significant. In this study, all herbicides significantly decreased total weed density compared to weedy check. The order of reduction in total weed density was hand weeding> Ethalfluralin> Oxadiazon> Trifluralin= Linuron= Simazine> Prometryn. The highest and lowest total dry weight of weeds were obtained in weedy check and hand weeding, respectively. Among various herbicides treatments, Ethalfluralin and Oxadiazon had the inhibitoriest effects on the total dry weight of weeds in comparison with weedy check (97.40 and 84.31% respectively). The results also showed that there were significant differences among various herbicide treatments on cumin density, number of umbrella per plant, number of seed per umbrella, 1000- seed weight, seed yield, and essence yield and efficiency. The highest and lowest seed and essence yield were obtained in hand weeding and weedy check, respectively. After weeding treatment, Ethalfluralin application had the highest seed yield and essence yield.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • cumin
  • essence efficiency
  • ethalfluralin
  • oxadiazon
  • seed yield
  • weed dry weight
Abdollahi, A.E., Modisa, O., Molsiwo, O. and Mosarwe, L. 2001. Cynodon dactylon control in sunflower (Helianthus annus) with post reemergence graminicides in a semi- arid environment. Crop Protect. 20: 411-414.
Ahmadian, A., Ghanbari, A. and Galavi, M. 2006. Effect of animal manure on quantitative and qualitative yield and chemical composition of essential oil in cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.). Iranian J. Field Crops Res. 2: 207-216. (In Persian).
Aien, A. and Mamnoie, A. 2014. Chemical control of weeds in onion field in seedlings planted in autumn in south of Kerman province. J. Plant Ecol. 2 (1): 1-10.
 Alebrahim, M.T., Rashed Mohassel, M.H., Wilkakson, S., Baghestani, M.A. and Ghorbani, R. 2011.  Evaluatin of six unregistered herbicides efficacy in Iran potato fields and herbicide relation to cytochromes P450 mono- oxygenase enzyme.  Ph.D thesis. Ferdowsi. University of Mashhad. (In Persian).
Babaeinejad, B., Rostami, M. and Dadkhah, A. R. 2017. The effect of mechanical and chemical weed control on the yield of onion (Allium cepa L.) seedlings cultivated fall in Hormozgan province. Iranian J. Weeds Res. 8(2): 79-91. (In Persian).
Blackshaw, R.E. and Harker, K.N. 1992: Combined post emergence grass and broadleaved weed control in canola (Brassica napus L.). Weed Technol. 6: 892-897.
Blackshaw, R.E., Derksen, D.A. and Muendel, H.H. 1990. Herbicide combinations for post emergent weed control in Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius). Weed Technol. 4: 97-104.
Chaudhary, G.R. 1989. Effect of nitrogen level and weed control on weed competition, nutrient uptake and quality of cumin. Indian J. Agric. Sci. 59: 397-399.
Chee, K.K., Wong, M.K. and Lee, H.K. 1996. Determination of organochlorine pesticides in water by membranous solid-phase extraction, and in sediment by microwave-assisted solvent extraction with gas chromatography and electron-capture and mass spectrometric detection. J. Chromatogr. A. 736: 211-218.
Delghandi, M.R. 2004. Weed flora in cumin fields. In: Proceedings of the first National Conference of cumin. Azad University of Mashhad, Sabzevar. Pp. 99-100.
Endres, Gregory J., Berglund, D., Dexter, A. and Zollinger, R. 2003. Weed control with soil- and post applied herbicides in field pea. Carrington Research Extension Center, North Dakota State University, Carrington, ND 58421.
Gholipoor, H., Mirshekari, B., Hosseinzadeh Moghbeli, A.H. and Hanifiyan, S. 2010. Critical period of weed control in sunflower's field. J. New Agric. Sci. 17: 75-82.
Gora, D.R., Meena, N.L., Shivran, D.L. and Shivran D.R. 1996. Dry matter accumulation and nitrogen uptake in cumin (Cuminum cyminum) as affected by weed control and time of N application. Indian J. Agron. 41: 666-667.
Grichar, W.J., Sestak, D.C., Brewer, K.D., Besler, B.A., Stichler, R. and Smith, D.T. 2001. Sesame (Sesame indicum) tolerance and weed control with soil- applied herbicides. Crop Protec. 20: 389-394.
Hernando, J., Portollo, R., Garcia-orbegozo, E. and Fuertes, T. 1987. Weed survey and control studies on lentil in central Spain. Lens Newsletter. 14(1, 2): 12-14.
Hosseini, A., Koocheki, A. and Nassiri Mahalati, M. 2006. Critical period of weed control in cumin (Cuminum cyminum). Iranian J. Field Crops Res. 4, 23-34. (In Persian)
Izadi Darbandi, E., Baghe Pour Amraei, M. and Barmak, H. 2015. Evaluation of different herbicides efficacy in cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) weed control. Iranian J. Weeds Res. 7: 21-34. (In Persian)
Kafi, M. and Rashed Mohasel, M.H. 1992. Study of control times of weeds and row distance and density on growth and yield of Cuminum cyminum. J. Agric. Sci. Technol. 6(2):151-158.
Kafi, M., Rashed Mohassel, M. H., Koochaki, A. and Molafilabi, A. 2002. Cumin, technology and processing. Ferdowsi University of Mashhad publication. 195p. (In Persian).
Kafi, M., Rashed Mohassel, M.H., Koochek A. and Nassiri, M. 2006. Cumin (Cuminum cyminum): Production and Processing. Taylor Francis Inc, United States.
Karim Monji, H., Alizadeh, H.M., Majnon Hosseinh, N. and Peyghanbari, S.A. 2004. Effect of herbicides and hand weeding for controlling spring and winter weeds of Lentil. Iranian J. Crop Sci. 6(1): 68-79. (In Persian).
Kayan, N. and Adak, M.S. 2006. Effect of different soil tillage, weed control and phosphorus fertilization on weed biomass, protein and phosphorus content of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Asian J. Plant Science. 5: 300-303.
Mirkamali, H. and Maddah, M. B. 1974. Some herbicides for control of weeds in cotton in Iran. Iranian J. Plant Pathol. 10:37-44. (In Persian).
Molafilabi, A. 1993. Values seed and cultivation methods in cumin yield. Iran Scientific and Industrial Research Organization press- Khorasan Research.
Mousavi, S.K., Sabeti, P., Jafarzadeh, N. and Bazzazi, D. 2010. Evaluation of some herbicides efficacy for weed control in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Iranian J. Pulses Res. 1:19-31. (In Persian)
Nasiri, S., Asghari, J., Samizadeh, H., Moradi, P. and Shirzad, F. 2014. Evaluation of oxadiargyl and thiobencarb herbicides efficacy on rice (Oryza sativa L.) yield and yield components. Cereal Res. 3: 307-319.
Parry, E.J. 1922. The chemistry of essential oils and artificial perfumes. 4th Edition, Scott, Greenwood and Son. 365p.
Patel, R.B., Patel, B.D. and Meisuriya, M.I. 2008. Chemical weed control in cumin-pearl millet cropping system. Indian J. Weed Sci. 40: 44-45.
Patil, R.K. 1983. Age of the crop and the sowing period on the lincidence of cumin blight. Indian J. Mycol. Plant Pathol. 13: 107-108.
Pir Saheb, M., Almasi, A., Najafi, F., Fataie, N., Khodadi, T. and Sharafi, K. 2012. A survey on 2,4-D, alacholor and atrazin pesticide amount in groundwater of Meyandarband and Mahidasht zones of Kermansha using dispersive liquid– liquid (microextraction followey by high performance liquid chromatography (2009-2010). Report of research design in Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences. Tracking Code: 89006. (In Persian)
Porwal, M.K. and Singh, M.M. 1993. Effect of nitrogen and weed management on onion. Indian J. Agron. 38 (1): 74- 77.
Raghvani, B.R., Kavani, H.D., Malavia, D.D. and Patel, J.C. 1987. Chemical Weed Control in cumin. Indian J. Weed Sci. 19: 32-36.
Rahimi, M. 1993. Study of chemical control of weeds in cumin field. Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology. Khorasan Reseach Center. Khorasan, Iran. (In Persian).
Rahimian Mashhadi, H. 1992. Effect of planting date
and irrigation regime on growth and yield of cumin seeds. J. Agric. Sci. 3: 61-46. (In Persian)
Rashed Mohasel, M.H., Najafi, H. and Akbarzadeh, M.D. 2001. Weed Biology and Control. –. Ferdowsi University publications, Mashhad, Iran, 404p. (In Persian).
Soltani, A. and Torabi. 2014. Design and analysis of agricultural experiments (with SAS program) Jihad Daneshgahi; Press, Mashhad, Iran. 431p. (In Persian)
Wilson, R.G., Smith, J.A. and Yonyhs, C.D. 1990.
Eeffect of the seedling depth, herbicide and variety on sugar beet (Beta vulgaris) emergence, vigor and yield. Weed Tecnol. 4: 739-742.
Yadav, A., Patel, J.C., Mehta, R.S. and Meena, T. 2012. Growth, yields and economics of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) production as affected by weed management practices. Int. J. seed spices. 2: 27-29.
Yadav, S.S., Sharma, O.P. and Yadav, R.D. 2005. Comparative efficacy of herbicidal and manual weed control in cumin (Cuminutn cyminum) at different levels of nitrogen. Indian J. Agron. 50 (1): 77-79.