پاسخ عملکرد ذرت (Zea mays L.) به سطوح مختلف کود نیتروژن در تراکم‌های مختلف علف‌هرز عروسک پشت پرده یک‌ساله (Physalis divaricata L.)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری علوم علف های هرز ، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی،دانشگاه تهران، کرج

2 استاد گروه زرعت و اصلاح نباتات پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران

3 دانشیار گروه زرعت و اصلاح نباتات پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران،

4 گروه زراعت , اصلاح نباتات، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه ایران

5 استاد گروه زرعت و اصلاح نباتات پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران،

چکیده

به منظور بررسی اثر رقابت علف‌هرز عروسک پشت پرده یک‌ساله (Physalis divaricata L.) بر عملکرد ذرت با کاربرد مقادیر مختلف کود نیتروژن، آزمایشی در سال 1396، در ایستگاه‌های تحقیقاتی ماهیدشت کرمانشاه، به صورت فاکتوریل و در قالب طرح بلوک های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار انجام شد. فاکتورها شامل سه سطح نیتروژن خالص (50، 100 و 150 درصد توصیه شده)، براساس آزمایش خاک و  تراکم علف‌هرز عروسک پشت پرده یک‌ساله (صفر، هشت و 16 بوته در مترمربع) بود. نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین و کمترین عملکرد دانه، به ترتیب 9929 و 6143 کیلوگرم در هکتار بود که به ترتیب به تیمار شاهد بدون علف‌هرز و کاربرد 150 درصد نیتروژن خالص توصیه شده در هکتار و تیمار تراکم 16 بوته عروسک پشت پرده در متر مربع و کاربرد 50 درصد نیتروژن خالص توصیه شده تعلق داشت. اثر تراکم‌های مختلف علف‌هرز و کاربرد مقادیر مختلف نیتروژن بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد ذرت، معنی‌دار بود. کاربرد 150 درصد نیتروژن خالص توصیه شده در هکتار، موجب ایجاد تفاوت معنی­دار تعدادی از اجزای عملکرد ذرت، مانند کاهش 33/10 و 54/13 درصدی وزن هزار دانه و تعداد دانه در ردیف بلال ذرت و خصوصیات علف‌هرز عروسک پشت پرده مانند کاهش 08/51 و 55/19 درصدی وزن خشک و ارتفاع آن شدند. در مجموع، نتایج آزمایش نشان داد، زمانی که علف‌هرز عروسک پشت پرده یک‌ساله در مزارع ذرت غالب بود، افزایش میزان کود نیتروزن مصرفی به 150 درصد مقدار توصیه شده براساس آزمایش خاک، موجب افزایش 02/17 درصدی عملکرد ذرت شد.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of different levels of N fertilizer on yield and yield components of maize (Zea mays L.) under different densities of annual ground cherry (Physalis divaricata L.) competition

نویسندگان [English]

  • Peyman Sabeti 1
  • Hamid Rahimian 2
  • Mostafa Oveisi 3
  • Iraj Nosratti 4
  • Hassan Alizadeh 5
1 Ph.D student of Weed Science, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
2 Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
3 Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
4 Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Razi, Kermanshah, Iran.
5 Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
چکیده [English]

To study the competition effects of annual ground cherry (Physalis divaricata) on maize yield under different rates of N fertilizer, a field experiment was conducted in 2017 in Kermanshah Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Kermanshah, Iran. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with factorial arrangement with three replications. Treatments included nitrogen fertilizer (50%, 100% and 150% recommended rates) and annual ground cherry density (0, 8 and 16 plants/m2). Results showed that the highest and lowest grain yield were 9929 and 6143 kg h-1 respectively that were belonged to weed free with 150% recommended N and 16 plant annual ground cherry/m2 with 50% recommended N, respectively. High densities of annual ground cherry reduced grain yield, grains per row, row number per ear and 1000 kernel weight. Different N rates caused significant variations in grain yield and some of the yield components of maize and annual ground cherry properties like dry weight and height. Overall, results indicated that in fields, where annual ground cherry is the dominant, increasing N application rate to 150% recommended rate, increased maze yield by 17.02
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • 1000 seed weight
  • fertilizer
  • weed density
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