تاثیر مدیریت تلفیقی علفهای هرز بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد ذرت

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 رئیس اداره تولیدات گیاهی مدیریت جهاد کشاورزی بیرجند

2 دانشیار گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی بیرجند

چکیده

به منظور بررسی اثر مدیریت تلفیقی علف­های هرز بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد ذرت، آزمایشی به صورت اسپلیت فاکتوریل و در قالب طرح بلوک کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار، در سال زراعی 92-91، در شهرستان خوسف انجام شد. در کرت­های اصلی، فاکتور کولتیواتور در دو سطح، شامل نزدن و زدن کولتیواتور و در کرت­های فرعی، ترکیب فاکتورهای تراکم در دو سطح 100 و150 هزار بوته در هکتار و دز های علف‌کش مزوتریون + اس- متولاکلر+ تریوتیلازین (لوماکس) در چهار سطح شامل صفر، 5/1، سه و 5/4 لیتر در هکتار  قرار گرفت. مقایسه میانگین­ها نشان داد که کولتیواسیون به تنهایی توانست وزن خشک و تعداد کل علف­های هرز را به ترتیب 67 و71 درصد کاهش دهد. همچنین عملکرد دانه در تیمارهای کولتیواتور زدن و کاربرد مقادیر 5/1، سه و 5/4  لیتر علف‌کش در هکتار، در یک گروه آماری قرار گرفت و تیمار کولتیواتور زدن و کاربرد 5/1 لیتر در هکتار علف کش مزوتریون + اس- متولاکلر+ تریوتیلازین (لوماکس) با عملکرد دانه 3988 کیلوگرم در هکتار،  باعث افزایش معنی­دار 6/64 و 7/53 درصدی عملکرد دانه در واحد سطح به ترتیب نسبت به تیمار کولتیواتور نزدن و کاربرد 5/1 لیتر در هکتار علف‌کش لوماکس و کولتیواتور زدن و عدم کاربرد این علف‌کش شد. همچنین افزایش تراکم، بر عملکرد دانه تاثیری نداشت. از این‌رو، با هدف کشاورزی پایدار و کاهش مصرف مواد شیمیایی در سیستم های زراعی، می توان با مدیریت تلفیقی علف­های‌هرز، دز مصرفی علف‌کش جدید مزوتریون + اس- متولاکلر+ تریوتیلازین (لوماکس) را به میزان 6/66% کاهش داد که در این صورت، اثرات نامطلوب علف‌کش ها بر محیط زیست و مقاومت علف‌های‌هرز نسبت به علف‌کش‌ها کاهش خواهد یافت.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of integrated weeds management on yield and yield components of corn

نویسندگان [English]

  • alireza saeedinia 1
  • Seyyed Gholamreza Moosavi 2
1 Head of Plant Production Department of Agricultural Jahad in Birjand
2 2- Department of Agriculture, Birjand Branch, Islamic Azad University, Birjand, Iran
چکیده [English]

In order to study of integrated management effect of weeds on yield and yield components of corn was carried out an experiment as factorial split in the base of randomized complete blocks design in three replications in 2012-2013 in Khosf, Iran. Main plots were in 2 levels (with and without cultivator) and sub plots were a combination of factors of density in 2 levels (100,000 and 150,000 plants.ha-1) and reduced rates of Lumax herbicide in 4 levels (0, 1.5, 3 and 4.5 L.ha-1 that is recommended dose). The means comparison showed that cultivation could alone decrease 67 and 71% of dry weight and the total number of weeds, respectively. Also, treatments of cultivation and 1.5, 3 and 4.5 L.ha-1 of herbicide application placed in a statistical group for seed yield and cultivation and 1.5 L.ha-1 of herbicide application treatment with grain yield of 3988 Kg, caused an increase of 64.6 and 53.7% in grain yield as comparison with treatments of without cultivation and 1.5 L.ha-1 of herbicide application and cultivation and no application of herbicide, respectively. Moreover, increase in plant density didn’t have effect on grain yield. Therefore, with the aim of sustainable agriculture and reduction of chemical use in cropping systems with weed integrated management, the use dose of Lumax new herbicide can be reduced to 66% that in this case, undesirable effects of herbicides on environment and resistance of weeds to herbicides will be decreased.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Cultivator
  • herbicide
  • Lumax
  • plant density old doi-10.22092/IJWS.2019.120463
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