پاسخ عملکرد ارقام لوبیا (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) در شرایط آلوده به علف‌های‌هرز

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، گروه تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده علوم کشاورزی دانشگاه گیلان

2 استاد گروه تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده علوم کشاورزی دانشگاه گیلان

3 استادیار گروه تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده علوم کشاورزی دانشگاه گیلان

چکیده

به‌منظور بررسی اثر تراکم ارقام لوبیا (Phaseolus vulgaris) بر قابلیت رقابت با علف‌های‌هرز، این آزمایش به‌صورت اسپلیت‌پلات و در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار اجرا شد. عامل اصلی ارقام لوبیا شامل سه رقم لوبیا قرمز اختر، درخشان و یاقوت و دو رقم لوبیاسفید درسا و شکوفا و عامل فرعی تراکم کاشت شامل 15، 25 و 35 بوته در مترمربع در شرایط آلوده به علف‌های‌هرز بود. کلیه‌ صفات مورد بررسی به‌جز ارتفاع بوته، تحت تاثیر رقم، تراکم و یا برهمکنش دو عامل قرار گرفتند. ارقام درسا و شکوفا، به‌ترتیب بیشترین و کمترین تعداد شاخه فرعی و غلاف در بوته را تولید کردند. رقم یاقوت در تراکم‌های 25 و 35 و رقم درسا در تراکم 25 بوته در مترمربع، بیشترین تعداد گره در بوته را دارا بودند؛ همچنین این ارقام دارای بیشترین تعداد دانه در غلاف نیز بودند. درخشان در بین سایر ارقام، بیشترین طول غلاف و وزن خشک تک‌بوته را تولید نمود. ارقام درخشان و درسا، به‌ترتیب در تراکم‌های 15 و 25 بوته در مترمربع، از بیشترین مقدار وزن تر تک‌بوته برخوردار بودند. بیشترین وزن صددانه در رقم درخشان مشهود بود. در بین ارقام، رقم یاقوت در میانگین سه تراکم، دارای بیشترین عملکرد دانه بود. تعداد شاخه‌ فرعی و تعداد دانه در غلاف ارقام لوبیا در تراکم‌های 25 و 35 بوته، بیشتر از 15 بوته در مترمربع بود. در بین ارقام لوبیا قرمز و سفید، به‌ترتیب رقم درخشان و درسا از بیشترین توان رقابتی در برابر علف‌های‌هرز برخوردار بودند. به‌طورکلی به‌نظر می‌رسد که رقم یاقوت و درسا از نظر تولید عملکرد بیشتر، از ارقام مناسب جهت کشت در منطقه باشند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Yield response of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) cultivars in weed infested condition

نویسندگان [English]

  • Zahra Pourreza 1
  • Jafar Asghari 2
  • Elmira Mohammadvand 3
  • Habib SamiZadeh 2
1 Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan
2 Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan
3 Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan
چکیده [English]

To evaluate the effects of planting density of bean cultivars competitive ability with weeds, a field experiment was conducted as a split plot in a randomized complete block design with three replications in Research Institute of Rasht, Iran, in 2017. Treatments included five cultivars of bean (Akhtar, Derakhshan, Yaghout, Dorsa and Shokoufa) and three planting densities (15, 25 and 35 plant.m-2 in weedy conditions). Results showed that all evaluated characteristics were affected by cultivar, density or interaction of two factors except plant height. Dorsa and Shokofa cultivars resulted in the highest and lowest secondary branch number per plant and pod number per plant, respectively. The highest nod number per plant was obtained from 25 and 35 plant.m-2 of Yaghout cultivar and at 25 plants.m-2 of Dorsa cultivar. Also these cultivars showed the highest grain number per pod. Among all varieties, Derakhshan produced the highest pod length and plant dry weight. Derakhshan and Dorsa cultivars had the highest plant fresh weight at 15 and 25 plants.m-2 densities. Maximum 100-grain weight was observed in the Derakhshan cultivar. Among all cultivars, Yaghout (averaged on three densities) produced the highest grain yields. Secondary branch number per plant and grain number per pod of bean cultivars were higher in 25 and 35 than 15 plants.m-2 densities. Among red and white cultivars, Derakhshan and Dorsa represented the most competitive ability against weeds. In general, it seems that Yaghout and Dorsa were the suitable red and white bean cultivars for planting in this region based on yield.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Akhtar
  • Derakhshan
  • Dorsa
  • Shokufa
  • Yaghout
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