بیولوژی و مدیریت گونه‌ مهاجم (Echinochloa oryzoides (Ard.) Fritsch) و رایج (Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv.) سوروف در شالیزار

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار پژوهشی، موسسه تحقیقات برنج کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، رشت، ایران.

2 دانشیار پژوهشی، موسسه تحقیقات برنج کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، رشت، ایران.

چکیده

سوروف برنج، علف‌هرز انحصاری شالیزار است که در سال 1385 برای اولین بار از گیلان گزارش شد و اکنون، ده‌ها هزار هکتار از شالیزارها را آلوده کرده است. در این تحقیق، برخی ویژگی‌های سوروف برنج و سوروف رایج و نیز واکنش آن‌ها به برخی علف‌کش‌های انتخابی برنج جهت ارائه‌ راهکاری برای مدیریت آن‌ها مطالعه شد. نتایج بررسی بیولوژی تطبیقی سوروف برنج در مقایسه با برنج و سوروف رایج نشان داد که زمان ظهور خوشه در گونه‌ جدید، به‌ترتیب 11 و 21 روز زودتر از برنج هاشمی و سوروف بود. به‌علاوه خوشه گونه‌ جدید، دارای رنگ روشن‌تر و طول کوتاه‌تری (8/12 سانتی‌متر) نسبت به سوروف رایج (23 سانتی‌متر) و برنج (6/27 سانتی‌متر) بود. ریزش بذر در سوروف برنج و برنج، کمتر از یک‌ درصد و در گونه‌ رایج سوروف، حدود 99 درصد بود. وزن هزار دانه سوروف برنج (5/4 گرم) بیشتر از سوروف رایج (5/2 گرم) و کمتر از برنج (25 گرم) بود. میزان جوانه‌زنی بذرهای یک‌ساله‌ سوروف و سوروف برنج، به‌ترتیب نه و شش درصد و بذرهای سه ساله، به‌ترتیب 30 و 73 درصد بود. نتایج آزمایشات دزپاسخ نشان داد که حساسیت دو گونه سوروف به علف‌کش‌های پرتیلاکلر و تیوبنکارب مشابه بود، ولی گونه‌ جدید، دارای حساسیت بیشتری به علف‌کش بن‌سولفورون‌متیل بود. بنابراین با توجه به نتایج به‌دست آمده در این تحقیق، به‌دلیل رنگ روشن و ظهور زود‌هنگام خوشه که امکان شناسایی آسان سوروف برنج را امکان‌پذیر می‌سازد و نیز عدم ریزش بذر و حساسیت بیشتر به علف‌کش‌ها، برای مدیریت این علف‌هرز، حذف فیزیکی قبل از برداشت برنج و رعایت تناوب علف‌کش‌ها به‌ویژه در مزارع بذری توصیه می‌شود. 

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Biology and management of the invasive (Echinochloa oryzoides (Ard.) Fritsch) and common (Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv.) barnyardgrass in paddy field

نویسندگان [English]

  • Farzin Pouramir 1
  • Bijan Yaghoubi 2
1 Rice Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Rasht, Iran.
2 Rice Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Rasht, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Echinochloa oryzoides is a new specific weed of paddy fields that was first reported in Guilan in 2006 and now has infested tens of thousands of hectares of paddy fields. Characteristics of new and common species of barnyardgrass and their response to some selective rice herbicides were studied to provide a solution for their management. Results showed that panicle emergence time of new species was 11 and 21 days earlier than Hashemi rice and barnyardgrass, respectively. In addition, new one had lighter color and shorter panicle length (12.8 cm) than the common one (23 cm) and rice (27.6 cm). Seed shattering was less than 1% in new species and rice and was about 99% in barnyardgrass. Weight of 1000-seed in new species (4.5 g) was more than common species (2.5 g) and less than rice (25 g). Germination rate of one year old seeds of barnyardgrass and new barnyardgrass were 9 and 6% and it was 30 and 73% for three years seeds, respectively. The results of dose-response experiments showed that two species susceptibility to Thiobencab and Pertilachlor herbicides was similar, but the new species was more susceptible to bensulfuron-methyl. Therefore, according to the results of this study, due to the bright color and early panicle initiation, which enable easy identification of new barnyardgrass, as well as lack of seed shattering and greater susceptibility to herbicides, to manage new species, physical removing before rice harvest and also herbicide rotation especially in the fields that planted for seed production is recommended.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Herbicide
  • management
  • new species
  • rice
  • weed

مراجع

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دانش علف‌های هرز ایران
دوره 17، شماره 1
فروردین 1400
صفحه 71-84

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