نوع مقاله : مقاله مروری
نویسنده
استاد گروه اگروتکنولوژی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد
10.22034/ijws.2026.371175.1503
چکیده
Climate change has emerged as one of the most prominent and recognizably important environmental factors driving agronomic change in Iran. Climate change has modified the dynamics and the management of weeds; specifically, Iran's arid and semi-arid agroecosystems are increasingly subjected to more extreme temperatures and reduced precipitation, including more frequent droughts, as well as atmospheric CO₂ concentrations. These changes have increased the distribution of thermophilic and drought-tolerant weed species, modified the composition of weed species, and enhanced weed growth, seed production, and competitiveness in interactions with important crops. Traditional crops, including crops like wheat, rice, and maize, are being increasingly subjected to negative effects on crop yields. Further, the various weed species becoming increasingly invasive and flexible in their response to climate change, while the traditional management techniques used for weeds is being challenged. Chemical control is being challenged by changes to plant physiological processes, less effective herbicide application due to elevated CO₂ conditions, rapid evolution of weed resistance, and environmental consequences of weather and climate such as dust storms and freezing. Mechanical weed management is being challenged because of less than synchronous germination rates, increased below ground biomass, as well as moisture extremes in the soil. Biological control is being challenged by life cycle timing discrepancies for the target weed, and a decrease in host specificity by biological control agents. All these factors are expected to produce yield declines of 5-25% by 2050 and worsen food security issues. Integrated Weed Management (IWM) appears to be the best way forward by blending climate-resilient cultivars, diversified crop rotations, cover cropping, precision agriculture technology (GIS, UAVs, decision-support tools), and conservation agriculture. Farmer education, long-term monitoring, and adaptive policy support will be needed. It was concluded that moving forward only through a proactive, holistic approach combining ecological principles with technological innovation, and institutional support will Iran be able to create resilient agroecosystems that can produce under climate change.
کلیدواژهها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
Weed Dynamics and Management under Climate Change in Iran: A Comprehensive Review
نویسنده [English]
Professor- Department of Agrotechnology - Faculty of Agriculture - Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
چکیده [English]
Climate change, as one of the main factors transforming Iran's agricultural systems, especially in arid and semi-arid regions, has caused fundamental changes in the dynamics and management of weeds. Increased temperature, decreased rainfall, frequent droughts, and increased carbon dioxide concentrations have caused the spread of thermophilic and drought-resistant weed species, changed their species composition, and increased their growth and competitiveness against crops. At the same time, traditional weed control methods have lost their effectiveness. Chemical control is facing a decrease in the effectiveness of herbicides under conditions of increased CO₂, the emergence of resistance in weeds, and environmental impacts. Mechanical control is also limited due to inconsistency in germination and changing soil conditions, and biological control is less effective due to the incompatibility of the life cycle of the control agent with the target weed and the reduction of host specialization. In the meantime, it is necessary to use a combination of climate-resistant varieties, diverse crop rotations, cover crops, precision agriculture technologies such as GIS, drones, and conservation agriculture. The success of this approach requires farmer training, long-term monitoring, and government support. Only with a comprehensive and technological approach can Iran's agricultural production be maintained in the face of climate change.
کلیدواژهها [English]
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Crop-Weed Competition
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Elevated CO₂
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Global warming
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Herbicide Efficacy
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Weed Distribution
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