مطالعه تنوع ژنتیکی درون و بین توده‌های تیغ گرگی Carthamus lanatus در مناطق شمال شرق ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی ارشد اصلاح نباتات دانشگاه کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان

2 استادیار دانشگاه کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان

3 - استادیار دانشگاه کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان

چکیده

اطلاع از میزان تنوع ژنتیکی جوامع علف­های‌هرز به روش­های کنترل بیولوژیک آن­ها کمک زیادی می‌کند، مطالعه حاضر، جهت بررسی تنوع ژنتیکی درون و بین توده­های تیغ گرگی (Carthamus lanatus)جمع­آوری شده از هشت رویشگاه مختلف استان گلستان با استفاده از 24 نشانگر  ISSRانجام شد. با استفاده از 9 نشانگری که حدود 04/26 درصد چندشکلی نشان دادند، میانگین ضریب تشابه بین افراد هر توده بر اساس روش جاکارد و پارامترهای توصیفی نظیر تنوع ژنی نئی، شاخص اطلاعات شانون، درصد جایگاه­های چند شکل، تعداد آلل مشاهده شده و تعداد آلل مؤثر محاسبه گردید. بالاترین ضریب تشابه ژنتیکی افراد در توده­های گمیشان و اطراف آن و پایین­ترین آن در توده بندرترکمن وجود داشت. تجزیه و تحلیل واریانس مولکولی نشان داد که میزان تنوع ژنتیکی درون توده­های مورد بررسی (63 درصد) بیش از تنوع ژنتیکی بین توده­ای (23 درصد) بود. بیشترین شاخص تنوع ژنی نئی، اطلاعات شانون، درصد جایگاه­های چند شکل، تعداد آلل مشاهده شده و تعداد آلل مؤثر در توده بندر ترکمن و کمترین آنها در توده­های جزیره آشورآده و اینچه­برون محاسبه شد. بنابراین توده بندرترکمن دارای بالاترین و توده­های جزیره آشورآده و اینچه­برون دارای کمترین مقدار تنوع ژنتیکی درون توده­ای بودند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

A Study of Genetic Variation within and between Ecotypes of Distaff Thistle (Carthamus lanatus) from North East Iran

نویسندگان [English]

  • samane nikdel 1
  • mohammad Hadi Pahlevani 2
  • Khalil Zenalinezhad 3
  • Ahmad Yamchi 2
چکیده [English]

The information of the genetic diversity of weed community helps researchers to find more effective biological control methods. In the present study the genetic diversity within and between populations of distaff thistle (Carthamus lanatus) was investigated using 24 ISSR markers. The populations were collected from eight different regions of Golestan province. Using 9 polymorphic (26.4 %) ISSR markers, the mean coefficient of similarity between individuals based on Jaccard, and descriptive parameters such as Neis gene diversity, Shannon's information index, percentage of polymorphic loci, observed number of alleles (na) and effective number of alleles (ne) were calculated for each population. The highest genetic similarity coefficient was observed in the ecotypes collected around Gomishan and the lowest occurred in ecotype Bandartorkman. Analysis of molecular variance showed that the genetic diversity among populations (63 percent) was higher than genetic variation between populations (23 percent). The highest values for Nei’s gene diversity, Shannon's information index, percentage of polymorphic loci, observed number of alleles, effective number of alleles was observed in ecotype Bandartorkman and the lowest values of these parameters occurred for ecotypes AshuradehIsland and Inchehbroon. Therefore, ecotype Bandartorkman had the highest, and ecotypes of AshuradehIsland and Inchehbroon the lowest within population genetic diversity.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Analysis of molecular variance
  • biological control
  • coefficient of similarity
  • ISSR
Ahmadikhah, A. 2009. Advanced genetics. Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources Press. (In Persian with English summary).
Amini, F., Saeidi, G., and Arzani, A. 2008. Study of genetic diversity in safflower genotypes using agro-morphological traits and RAPD markers. Euphytica Sci.163: 21–30.
Ash, G.H., Raman, R. and Crump, N.S. 2002. An investigation of genetic variation in Carthamus          lanatus in New South Wales, Australia, using intersimple sequence repeats (ISSR) analysis. European Weed Research Society. 43: 208-213.
Baghmohammadi, H. 2011. Evaluation of genetic diversity, crossable and response different species to Pythiumultimum. Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources. (In Persian with English summary).
Carapetain, J. and Zarei, G.h. 2005. Variation in protein, oil and fatty acid contents in three wild species of safflower (Carthamus) from west Azerbaijan, Iran. Inter. J. of Bot. 1: 133-137.
Doyle,  J.J. and Doyle, J.L. 1987. A rapid DNA isolation procedure for small quantities of fresh leaf material. Phytochem. Bulletin.19: 11-15.
FAO/IAEA. 2010. Molecular characterization of mutant germplasm. Available at http://naweb.iaea.org/nafa/pbg/public/manuals-pbg.html.Pp 145.
Gallaghery, S.R. and Wiley, E.A. 2008. Current protocols essential laboratory technique. Pp 737.
Golkar, P., Arzani, A. and Rezaei, A.M. 2011. Genetic variation in safflower (Carthamus tinctorious L.) for seed quality-related traits and inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. Intl. J. of Mo. Sci. 12: 2664-2677.
Grace, B.S., Sheppard, A., Whaley, R.D.B. and Sindel, B.M. 2002. Seedbank and seedling emergence of saffron thistle (Carthamus lanatus) in eastern Australian pastures.  Aus. J. Agric. Res. 53: 1327-1334.
Heaton, T.C. and Klislewicz, J.M. 1981. A disease-resistant safflower alloploid from Carthamus tinctorius L × C. lanatus L. Can J. Plant Sci. 6: 219-224. 
Henry, R.J. 2005. Plant diversity and evolution genotypic and phenotypic variation in higher plants. CABI Publishing, USA. 325 Pp.
Kessler, E. 1987. Carthamus lanatus L. (Asteraceae: Cynareae) -A potentially serious plant pest in Oklahoma. Proceeding of the Oklahoma Academy of Science. 67 :39-43.
Khan, M.A., Ehbrecht, S.V.W., Maass, B.L. and Becker, H.C. 2009. Relationships among different geographical groups, agro-morphology, fatty acid composition and RAPD marker diversity in safflower (Carthamus tinctorius). Gen. Reso. & Crop Evo. 56: 19–30.
Nei, M. 1973. Analysis of gene diversity in subdivided populations. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 70: 3321-3323.
Nei, M. 1975. Molecular population genetics and evolution. North-Holland Research Monographs Frontiers of Biology. 40 : Pp 290.
Peng, S., Feng, N., Guo, M., Chen, Y. and Guo, Q. 2008. Genetic variation of Carthamus tinctorius L. and related species revealed by SRAP analysis. Biochem Sys. Eco. 36: 531–538.
Reddy, M.P., Sarla, N. and Siddiq, E.A. 2002. Inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) polymorphism and its application in plant breeding. Euphytica. 128: 9-17.
Sabzalian, M.R., Mirlohi, A., Saeidi, G. and Rabbani, M.T. 2009. Genetic variation among populations of wild safflower, Carthamus oxyacanthus analyzed by agro-morphological traits and ISSR markers. Genetic Res. & Crop Evo. 56: 1057-1064.
Sehgal, D. and Raina, S.N. 2005. Genotyping safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) cultivars by DNA fingerprints. International Journal and Plant Breeding, Euphytica. 146 :67-76.
Sindel, B. M. 1997. The persistence and management of thistle in Australian pastures. Proc. 50th N.Z. Plant Protec. Conf. 453- 456.
Taskova, R., Mitova, M., Mikhova, B. and Duddeck, H. 2003. Bioactive phenolics from Carthamus lanatus L. Zeitschrift für Naturforschung, Tübingen. 58: 704-707.
Yang, Y.X., Wu, W., Zheng, Y.L., Chen. L., Liu, R.J. and Huang, C.Y. 2007. Genetic diversity and relationships among safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) analyzed by inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSRs). Gen. Res. and Crop Evo. 54: 1043-1051.