شناسائی و مطالعه شاخص‌های جمعیتی علف‌های‌هرز (مطالعه موردی: باغ گیاه‌شناسی دانشگاه تبریز)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه اکوفیزیولوژی دانشگاه تبریز

2 گروه زراعت - دانشگاه تهران

چکیده

شناسائی و مطالعه شاخص­های جمعیتی علف­های­هرز مزارع و باغات گام اصلی در مدیریت این گیاهان ناخواسته است. هدف از مطالعه حاضر، شناسائی و بررسی شاخص­های جمعیتی، تشابه و پراکنش گونه­های علف­هرز است. بدین منظور، نمونه‌برداری­هایی بصورت شبکه‌ای (5 متر × 5 متر) توسط کوادرات­های 5/0 متر × 5/0 متر در 13 قطعه مختلف باغ گیاه­شناسی دانشگاه تبریز انجام شد. در مجموع، 52 گونه علف‌هرز از 25 خانواده گیاهی در قطعات مختلف این باغ شناسایی شد. گندمیان (Poaceae) و کاسنی­ها (Asteraceae) بترتیب با شاخص اهمیت خانوادگی 1/113 و 19/54 غالب­ترین تیره­های گیاهی باغ مذکور بودند. جو موشی (Hordeum murinum) و جاروعلفی بامی (Bromus tectorum) با شاخص غالبیت نسبی 38/73 و 11/35، بترتیب اولین و دومین علف­هرز گراس غالب بودند. باباآدم (Arctium lappa) و سیزاب ایرانی (Veronica persica) با شاخص غالبیت نسبی 61/44 و 97/23، بترتیب اولین و دومین علف­هرز دولپه غالب بودند. بیشترین و کمترین تنوع گونه‌ای به ترتیب با شاخص شانون- وینر 41/2 و 61/0، در قطعات 13 و 7 مشاهده شد. بیشترین و کمترین تعداد گونه به ترتیب در قطعات 2 و 5 مشاهده شد. بالا بودن شاخص غالبیت سیمپسون (78/14) در قطعه 1 نشان از حضور گونه‌های مهاجم و کاهش تنوع گونه‌ای در این قطعه دارد. سس درختی (Cuscuta monogyna)، به عنوان انگل شاخساره با شاخص غالبیت نسبی 55/3، از گونه‌های نادر ولی خطرناک باغ است. حضور این علف­هرز انگلی تنها در یک قطعه از 13 قطعه مورد مطالعه، اعلام خطر برای ممانعت از پراکنش آن به سایر قطعات می­باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Identification and Survey of Weed Community Indices (Case Study: Botanical Garden of University of Tabriz)

نویسندگان [English]

  • sirous Hassannejad 1
  • sohila pourhaidarghafari 2
چکیده [English]

Ientification and survey of weed distribution in fields and gardens is a main step for the management of these unwanted plants. The objective of the present investigation was identification and assessment of community indices,similarity, and distribution of weed species in the botanical garden of the University of Tabriz. In order to achieve this purpose, data sampling from weed species was performed by grid method (5 m × 5 m) in 13 sections of the botanical garden. Totally, 52 weed species from 25 plant families were recorded in different sections of the garden. Poaceae and Asteraceae with family dominance indices of 131/1 and 54/19, respectively, were the dominant plant families. Wall barley (Hordeum murinum) and cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum) with dominant indices of 73/38 and 35/11, were the first and the second dominant grass weeds. Burdock (Arctium lappa) and Persian speedwell (Veronica persica) with dominant indices of 44/61 and 23/97, were the first and the second dominant Dicot weeds. Maximum and minimum species diversity with Shannon-Wiener indices of 2.41 and 0.61 were observed in sections 13 and 7, respectively. Maximum and minimum richness were found in sections 2 and 5, respectively. The highest amount of Simpson dominance index in section 1 (14.78), indicates dominance of some weed species and reduction in uniformity of species distribution and species diversity in this section. Dodder (Cuscuta monogyna), as an important shoot parasitic weed, with relative dominance index of 3.55 out of 400, was one of the invasive weed species present in this garden. Presence of this parasitic weed in only one section of 13 surveyed sections, is an alarm for other sections.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Botanical garden
  • relative dominance
  • richness
  • species diversity
  • weed

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دانش علف‌های هرز ایران
دوره 12، شماره 2
اسفند 1395
صفحه 171-183

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