کارایی مدیریت شیمیایی علف‌های هرز در نظام‌های کشاورزی رایج و حفاظتی منطقه سرد خراسان رضوی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 عضو هیات علمی بخش تحقیقات گیاه پزشکی، مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خراسان رضوی

2 عضو هیات علمی بخش تحقیقات زراعی و باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خراسان رضوی. مشهد ایران

3 محقق بخش تحقیقات گیاه پزشکی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خراسان رضوی مشهد ایران

چکیده

کاربرد شخم حفاظتی با حفظ بقایا می­تواند پاسخی به نگرانی اصلی در مورد از بین رفتن خاک باشد. این پژوهش، به منظور بررسی تأثیر روش­های مختلف خاک­ورزی و میزان بقایای گیاهی، بر کارایی مبارزه شیمیایی علف­های ­هرز، در مزرعه تحقیقاتی جلگه رخ (خراسان رضوی) طی سال­های زراعی 95-93، در قالب طرح کرت­های دوبار خردشده با سه تکرار و در تناوب چغندر قند، جو، ذرت، گندم اجرا شد. کرت­های اصلی، سه روش خاک‏ورزی متداول، کم ­خاک ورزی و بی­خاک­ورزی و کرت‏های فرعی، شامل مدیریت بدون بقایا، حفظ 30 درصد و حفظ 60 درصد بقایای محصول بود. مهار شیمیایی، مهار دستی و تیمار بدون مهار علف‌های­ هرز، در کرت‌های فرعی دوم قرار گرفتند. نتایج نشان داد که کاربرد علف‌کش­های چغندرقند، باعث کاهش معنی­ دار تراکم (31 درصد) و وزن خشک (57 درصد) علف­های‌هرز و افزایش معنی­ دار عملکرد (64 درصد)، نسبت به شاهد شد اما نتوانست از کاهش معنی دار عملکرد ریشه چغندرقند در دو نظام حفاظتی در مقایسه با نظام رایج جلوگیری کند. اثر خاک­ورزی، بقایا و مبارزه شیمیایی بر عملکرد جو معنی ­دار نشد و از این نظر، گیاه زراعی جو، در نظام حفاظتی، مطلوب ارزیابی شد.  خاک­ورزی رایج در ذرت، موجب کاهش معنی ­دار علف­های­ هرز (83 درصد نسبت به بی ­خاک ورزی) شد. عملکرد دانه ذرت در نظام خاک­ورزی رایج و کم­ خاک­ورزی (به ترتیب 53/3 و 33/4 تن در هکتار)، نسبت به نظام بی­ خاک­ورزی (14/3 تن در هکتار)، به طور معنی­ داری افزایش یافت. مبارزه شیمیایی با علف­های‌هرز، موجب افزایش معنی­دار عملکرد ذرت (23 درصد نسبت به شاهد بدون وجین)، هم­سطح با وجین دستی شد. در گندم، بهترین عملکرد دانه در نظام کم­ خاک­ورزی، وجود 30 درصد بقایا و مبارزه شیمیایی با علف­های‌هرز به دست آمد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Chemical management efficacy in conventional and conservation agricultural systems at cold region of Khorasan-Razavi

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohammad Hassan Hadizadeh 1
  • Hamidreza Sharifi 2
  • Seyed Hossein Torabi 3
1 Assistant professor of Plant Protection Research Department, Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center of Khorasan-e-Razavi
2 Associate professor of Agronomical and Horticultural Research Department, Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center of Khorasan-e-Razavi
3 Plant Protection Research Department, Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center of Khorasan-e-Razavi, Masshad, Iran
چکیده [English]

Conservation agricultural systems may considred as a solution to loosing arable soil in conventional system. We studied the effects of conservative agricultural systems compared to conventional systems on chemical weed control efficacy at the farm of Jolgeh-Rokh research station, Khorasan Razavi province, during 2014-2017. Crop rotaton was sugarbeet-barley-corn-wheat. The experimental designe was randomized complete block design aggranged in split-split plot with three replacations. Treatments were three types of tillage (conventional, reduced and no-tillage) as main plot; crop residue percentage (left on the ground from previous crop in rotation; 0, 30 and 60 percent) as sub plot and methods of weed control (hand weeding, recommended herbicide and check plots) as sub-sub plot. The results showed that application of herbicides significantly decreased weed dry matter (57%) and weed density (31%) and increased sugar beet root yield (64%) compare to the weedy check; however, weed reduction was not enough to prevent root yield loss in conservational tillage systems. Residue levels showed no significant effects on root yield of sugarbeet. The effects of tillage systems, levels of residues and even chemical control did not affect the grain yield of barley, despite the effects on weeds. Tillage in corn significantly decreased the weeds (83% to no-tillage); as a result, corn grain yield increased significantly in conventional and reduced tillage systems (3.53-ton ha-1 and 4.33-ton ha-1, respectively) compared to the no-tillage system (3.14-ton ha-1). Different levels of plant residues had no effect on corn yield, but chemically weed control caused a significant increase of yield (23%) as much as manual weeding treatment. Reduced tillage system with 30 percent of the residues and the chemical control of weeds was the best treatment for grain yield of wheat.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Density
  • dry weight
  • minimum tillage
  • no tillage
  • yield

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دانش علف‌های هرز ایران
دوره 15، شماره 2
آذر 1398
صفحه 1-14

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