ارزیابی پتانسیل پراکنش جغرافیایی بزچره (Dodartia orientalis L.) در ایران و جهان در شرایط اقلیمی حاضر و تغییر اقلیم آتی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات - دانشکده کشاورزی - دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

2 استادیار مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی خراسان رضوی

چکیده

به منظور ارزیابی تأثیر اقلیم و تغییرات آتی آن روی توزیع جغرافیایی احتمالی علف­هرز بزچره (Dodartia orientalis L.) که یک گونه مهاجم در دنیا و ایران است، پژوهشی در سال 1396 در دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد و با استفاده از نرم­افزار کلایمکس انجام شد. داده­های ورودی این نرم­افزار شامل دو دسته اطلاعات رشدی و اطلاعات مربوط به تنش­های احتمالی برای گیاه بود که از این میان، برخی از اطلاعات رشدی از قبیل درجه روز رشد، بر اساس انجام پژوهش­های میدانی به دست آمد و سایر داده­ها از قبیل دماهای پایه، حداکثر، حداقل، بهینه، بحرانی و نیز اطلاعات مربوط به نوع اقلیم منطقه مورد مطالعه، از منابع موجود به‌دست آمد و قسمت دیگر هم در زمان ورود اطلاعات و بر اساس راهنما و تنظیمات نرم افزار در آن وارد شد. نتایج حاکی از پتانسیل گسترش این گیاه در ایران بود که پراکنش در استان­های خراسان شمالی، رضوی، جنوبی، کهکیلویه، چهارمحال، فارس، لرستان، ایلام، کرمانشاه، همدان، مرکزی و تهران است که گستردگی آن با بروز تغییرات اقلیمی، بیشتر به سمت استان­های شمال غربی ایران بسیار بالا خواهد بود. در جهان، گستردگی این علف‌هرز بیشتر به سمت شرق چین، اکثر کشورهای اروپای شرقی و ایالات مرکزی آمریکا و به عبارتی در محدوده سی­وپنج تا پنجاه­وپنج درجه عرض جغرافیایی است، که در آینده به مرور این پراکندگی، به سمت عرض­های شمالی­تر و در نتیجه در مناطقی مانند قاره آفریقا، استرالیا و آمریکای جنوبی، گسترش این گیاه بسیار محدود و در حد بسیار پائین خواهد بود. بنابراین، برای مدیریت صحیح و علمی کنترل این علف هرز، باید ضمن رعایت بهداشت گیاهی و اعمال قرنطینه، مطالعات دیگری درباره روش­های کنترل و ایجاد محدودیت­های لازم برای جلوگیری از گسترش و توسعه آن در کشورهای در معرض خطر انجام شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation the potential of geographical distribution of Dodartia orientalis L. in Iran and the world in current climatic conditions and future climate change

نویسندگان [English]

  • Adel Shadloo 1
  • Mehdi Rastgoo 1
  • Reza Gorbani 1
  • Moahammad Bazoubandi 2
1 Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding - Faculty of Agriculture - Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
2 Assistant of Agriculture Research and Education Centre of Razavi Khorasan, AREEO, IRAN
چکیده [English]

To evaluate the climatic impacts and future climatic changes on geographical distribution of the Dodartia (Dodartia orientalisas L.), an invasive weed species in the world and Iran, a study was conducted in Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, using CLIMEX software, in 2016. The input data for the software included two group of data i.e. growth and stresses parameters through which some useful findings such as growth degree day were obtained based on the field study and other data such as base, optimum and ceiling temperatures as well as some information related to the regional climate of the study were acquired from the previous studis and the output analysis of the software. The results revealed that the distribution of the weed in Iran was observed mostly in North, Razavi, and South Khorasan, Kohkiloyeh, Chaharmahal, Fars, Lorestan, Ilam, Kermanshah, Hamedan, Markazi and Tehran provinces which will be highly expanded towards the northern west country provinces as a result of the occurrence of climatic changes. The plant species has a distribution potential in the world towards east china, most east European countries and central states of USA. So that the regions rely in the geographical position of 35 to 55 latitude, which gradually will extend towards the higher northern latitude that leads to limited continental spread of the plant to Africa, Australia and South America. Therefore, to manage this weed, while taking steps towards its quarantine, further studies on the control methods and tools to restrict its establishment, development and expansion should be conducted in vulnerable countries at risk.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Climate change
  • geographical distribution
  • growth degree day
  • invasion prediction
  • dodartia

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دانش علف‌های هرز ایران
دوره 16، شماره 1
اردیبهشت 1399
صفحه 79-94

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