شایستگی نسبی بیوتیپ ‏های دم‌روباهی‌کشیده (Alopecurus myosuroides) حساس و مقاوم به علف‌کش های بازدارنده آنزیم‌استیل‌کوآنزیم‌آ‌کربوکسیلاز: جوانه‏زنی و رشدگیاهچه در شرایط تنش شوری و خشکی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران

2 عضو هیات علمی دانشگاه تربیت مدرس

3 دانشگاه تربیت مدرس

4 گروه اگرواکولوژی دانشگاه آرهوس، دانمارک

چکیده

به منظور آزمودن فرضیه بیشتر بودن هزینه شایستگی مقاومت به علف‌کش‌ها در شرایط تنش، دو بیوتیپ حساس و مقاوم به علف‌کش‌های بازندارنده آنزیم استیل کوآنزیم آ کربوکسیلاز، با پس­زمینه ژنتیکی همگن، از بین یک جمعیت دم­روباهی­کشیده
(A. myosuroides)با ساز وکار مقاومت به غیر محل هدف، ایزوله شدند. ایزوله‌سازی بیوتیپ‌ها در گروه اگرواکولوژی دانشگاه آرهوس دانمارک و ارزیابی شایستگی، در گروه زراعت دانشگاه تربیت‌ مدرس تهران در سال 1395 و 1396 انجام شدند. بیشینه جوانه­زنی تجمعی (Gmax) و زمان رسیدن به 50 درصدبیشینه جوانه­زنی (G50) برای بیوتیپ‌های حساس و مقاوم به علف­کش، تحت شرایط تنش(خشکی 8/0- مگاپاسکال، شوری 16 دسی‌زیمنس بر متر) و عدم تنش محاسبه شد. همچنین، رشد گیاهچه ­پیش ­از ­رویش، برای هر دو بیوتیپ در شرایط بدون تنش اندازه‌گیری شد. در شرایط عدم تنش، اختلاف معنی­داری بین دو جمعیت از نظرحداکثر جوانه‌زنی وجود نداشت امادر شرایط تنش شوری و خشکی، حداکثر جوانه‌زنی  بیوتیپ مقاوم، به‌ترتیب 28 و 49 درصد کمتر از بیوتیپ حساس بود. همچنین در تمام شرایط­ (تنش شوری، خشکی وعدم تنش)، بیوتیپ مقاوم به علف­کش نسبت به بیوتیپ حساس دیرتر (بین هفت تا 16 ساعت) جوانه زد یعنی زمان لازم برای رسیدن به 50 درصد جوانه‌زنی در آنبالاتر بود. ارزیابی رشد گیاهچه پیش­ از ­سبز­شدن نشان داد که هر دو بیوتیپ از نظر طول ساقه­چه و ریشه­چه مشابه بودند. نتایج این پژوهش به روشنی نشان داد که علف­هرز دم­روباهی کشیده مقاوم به علف­کش در مقایسه با بیوتیپ حساس، درصورت وقوع تنش خشکی و شوری، هزینه­ بیشتری را از نظر پارامترهای جوانه­زنی پرداخت خواهد کرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Relative Fitness of Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase susceptible and resistant Alopecurus myosuroides biotypes: germinability and seedling pre-emergence growth under salinity and drought stress conditions

نویسندگان [English]

  • Zahra Ghazali 1
  • Eshag Keshtkar 2
  • Majid AghaAlikhani 3
  • Per Kudsk 4
1 Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box: 14115-336, Tehran, Iran
2 University of Tarbiat Modares
3 Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box: 14115-336, Tehran, Iran
4 Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Forsøgsvej 1, DK-4200, Slagelse, Denmark
چکیده [English]

Fitness costs of herbicide resistance may be more evident and increase under stress environmental conditions. To test this hypothesis, a herbicide-resistant (R) and a herbicide-susceptible (S) phenotype with controlled and homogenized genetic background were isolated within a non–target-site resistant (NTSR) black-grass population. Accumulated maximum germination (Gmax) and time to reach the Gmax(G50) of biotypes were examined under non-stress and abiotic-stress conditions (salinity at 16 dSm-1, drought at -0.8 Mpa). In addition, seedling pre-emergence biotypes growths were evaluated under non-stress condition. There was no difference in Gmaxbetween the R and S biotypes, whereas the Gmaxof R phenotype was 28% and 49% lower than that of the S phenotype under salinity- and drought-stress conditions, respectively. The R phenotype germinated around seven to 16 hours later than the S phenotype under all non-stress and abiotic-stress conditions, i.e. the R phenotype had higher G50 than the other phenotype. The experiments of seedling pre-emergence growth showed that the R and S biotypes had similar root and shoot length under non-stress condition. The results clearly showed that the germinability fitness costs of NTSR black-grass increase when the plants are grown under salinity and drought stress conditions.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Fitness cost
  • herbicide resistance
  • root length
  • shoot length

مراجع

 
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دانش علف‌های هرز ایران
دوره 16، شماره 1
اردیبهشت 1399
صفحه 49-61

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