اثر گیاهان پوششی بر کنترل علف‌های‌هرز و عملکرد دانه ذرت در شرایط خاک‌ورزی حفاظتی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 عضو هیات علمی مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی مغان و دانشجوی دکتری

2 دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی

3 دانشیار و عضو هیات علمی دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی

4 استادیار موسسه تحقیقات گیاهپزشکی، تهران، ایران

چکیده

کاشت گیاهان پوششی قبل از گیاه اصلی همراه با خاک­ورزی حفاظتی، یکی از روش­های موثر در کنترل علف­های‌هرز و رسیدن به کشاورزی پایدار است. به این منظور، آزمایشی در سال زراعی 95-1394، با انتخاب شش تیمار جو پاییزه (Hordeum vulgare)، چاودار پاییزه (Secale cereal)، کلزا (Brassica napus)، ماشک گل­خوشه­ای (Vicia villosa)، شبدر کریمسون (Trifolium incarnatum) و تیمار شاهد در یک سیستم بی­خاک­ورزی در مزرعه پژوهشی مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان اردبیل (مغان)، در قالب طرح بلوک کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار اجرا شد. اثر تیمارها بر تراکم کل علف­های‌هرز، معنی­دار بود. کاهش تراکم کل علف­های‌هرز زمستانه و بهاره در تیمارهای جو پاییزه، چاودار پاییزه، کلزا، ماشک گل­خوشه­ای و شبدر لاکی، به ترتیب 5/83، 25/77، 25/66، 51 و 25/26 درصد نسبت به شاهد به دست آمد. کاهش تراکم علف­های‌هرز با افزایش میزان پوشش سطح خاک و زیست­توده توسط گیاهان پوششی همراه بود. بیشترین زیست­توده، به ترتیب در تیمارهای جو پاییزه، چاودار پاییزه، کلزا، ماشک­گل خوشه­ای و شبدر لاکی به دست آمد. اثر گیاهان پوششی بر عملکرد دانه ذرت معنی­دار بود و عملکرد دانه ذرت در تیمارهای جو پاییزه، چاودار، کلزا، ماشک گل­خوشه­ای، شبدر لاکی و شاهد بدون گیاه­پوششی، به ترتیب 12/9، 45/8، 92/7، 93/6، 52/6 و 31/6 تن بر هکتار بود. با توجه به نتایج این آزمایش، می­توان غلات را در تلفیق با خاک‌ورزی حفاظتی به کار برد تا ضمن کنترل پایدار علف­های­هرز و کاهش نهاده­های شیمیایی، در نهایت به عملکرد مطلوبی دست یافت.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of cover crops on weed control and corn grain yield in conservative tillage system

نویسندگان [English]

  • parviz sharifiziveh 1
  • ahmad tobeh 2
  • abdolghaum gholipouri 3
  • Mohammadtagh Alebrahim 2
  • Batoul Samdani 4
1 faculty
2 Department of Agronomy and Crop breeding, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
3 Department of Agronomy and Crop breeding, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
4 Assistant professor of Plant Protection Institute
چکیده [English]

The use of cover crops before planting the main plant along with selecting the type of tillage can be considered as one of the effective methods in sustainable agriculture. In order to show the efficacy of this system, an experiment was conducted in a no-tillage system and with six treatments, barely (Hordeum vulgare L.), rye (Secale cereal L.), rape (Brassica napus L.), vetch (Vicia villosa L.), crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.) and control, in a randomized complete block design with three replications, at the farms of agriculture and education research center and natural resources of Ardabil Province (Moghan) during the 2015-2017. Variance analysis showed that the effect of the treatments on the total weed density was significant. On average, in four sampling stages, total control of winter and spring weed at barley, rye, rape, vetch and clover treatments were 83.5,77.25,66,25,51, and 26.25 respectively. The results also showed that the soil cover percentage was significantly

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Crimson clover
  • conservative tillage system
  • rye
  • weed density
  • weed biomass

مراجع

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دانش علف‌های هرز ایران
دوره 15، شماره 2
آذر 1398
صفحه 65-77

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