کنترل شیمیایی علف‌هرز آبزی سنبل‌آبی (Eichhornia crassipes)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار پژوهشی موسسه تحقیقات برنج کشور

2 استادیار موسسه تحقیقات برنج کشور، رشت، ایران

3 کارشناس مؤسسه تحقیقات برنج کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، رشت، ایران

چکیده

سنبل‌آبی، مهمترین علف‌هرز مهاجم آبزی دنیا است. این علف‌هرز، در کمتر از دو دهه پس از ورود به ایران به‌طور گسترده‌ای در اکوسیستم‌های آبی شمال کشور گسترش یافته است. جهت معرفی علف‌کش‌های مناسب برای کنترل شیمیایی این علف‌هرز، دو آزمایش گلدانی در مؤسسه تحقیقات برنج کشور، در سال 1395 و 1396 اجرا شد. آزمایش اول، با هدف غربال علف‌کش‌ها جهت شناسایی ترکیبات مؤثر در کنترل سنبل‌آبی انجام شد. نتایج ارزیابی‌های چشمی نشان داد که از بین 21 علف‌کش مورد بررسی، 15 علف‌کش دارای کمتر از 16 درصد و شش علف‌کش دارای بیش از 30 درصد کارایی در کنترل سنبل‌آبی بودند. آزمایش دوم با علف‌کش‌های دارای بیشترین کارایی در آزمایش نخست و با دز مورد بررسی در آزمایش اول و دز دو برابر اجرا شد. نتایج نشان داد که علف‌کش‌های یو46-دیفلوئید (2,4-D, SL 72%, 2160 g ai/ha)، یو46-کامبیفلوئید (2,4-D + MCPA, SL 67.5%, 2700 g ai/ha)، دی‌آلن‌سوپر (2,4-D + Dicamba, SL 46.4%, 1856 g ai/ha)، رانداپ (Glyphosate, SL 41%, 1640 g ai/ha)، نومینی (Bispyribac sodium, SC 10%, 50 g ai/ha) و کلین‌وید (Bispyribac sodium, SC 40%, 80, g ai/ha) در دز دو برابر، به‌ترتیب دارای 75، 93، 81، 93، 91 و 100 درصد کارایی در کنترل سنبل‌آبی بودند. از بین علف‌کش‌های فوق، تأثیر بازدارندگی بیس‌پایریباک‌ سدیم (نومینی و کلین‌وید) بر زیست‌توده، سطح‌برگ و تکثیر گیاهچه‌های سنبل‌آبی در دزهای مورد بررسی، مشابه و یا بیشتر از دیگر علف‌کش‌ها بود؛ بنابراین بیس‌پایریباک ‌سدیم به‌عنوان علف‌کش مجاز اکوسیستم‌های آبی، انتخابی برنج و فاقد تأثیر سوء برروی ماهی، برای کنترل شیمیایی سنبل‌آبی توصیه می‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Chemical control of aquatic weed water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Bijan Yaghoubi 1
  • Farzin Pouramir 2
  • Fatemeh Mansourpour 3
1 Rice Research Institute
2 Assistant professor, Rice Research Institute of Iran, Rasht, Iran
3 Expert of Rice Research Institute of Iran, Agriculture Research, Education and Extension Organization, Rasht, Iran
چکیده [English]

Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms)is the most important invasive aquatic weed in the world. This plant has expanded widely in aquatic habitats in the north of Iran in less than a decade after introduction. To introduce herbicides for chemical control of this weed, two pot experiments were conducted at the Rice Research Institute of Iran in 2017 and 2018. The purpose of the first experiment was to screen herbicides to identify effective herbicides for water hyacinth control. Results showed that among 21 studied herbicides, 15 herbicides had less than 16% and 6 herbicides had more than 30% efficacy on water hyacinth control. The second experiment was performed with the most effective herbicides in the first experiment and with the dose studied in the first experiment and double dose. The results showed that the efficacy of U46-Difloid (2,4-D, SL 72%, 2160 g ai/ha), U46-Combifloid (2,4-D+MCPA, SL 67.5%, 2700 g ai/ha), Dialensuper (2,4-D+Dicamba, SL 46.4%, 1856 g ai/ha), Roundup (Glyphosate, SL 41%, 1640 g ai/ha), Nominee (Bispyribac sodium “BPS”, SC 10%, 50 g ai/ha) and Cleanweed (BPS, SC 40%, 80, g ai/ha) at double dose was 75, 93, 81, 93, 91 and 100% respectively. Among the investigated herbicides, the inhibitory effect of BPS (Nominee and Cleanweed) on biomass, leaf area and propagation of water hayacinth seedlings in both investigated doses was similar or more than other herbicides. Therefore, BPS as a selective herbicide for rice and authorized for aquatic ecosystems without toxicity on fish, is recommended for chemical control of water hayacinth.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Aquatic ecosystem
  • foliar applied
  • herbicide dosae
  • invasive weed
  • soil applied

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دانش علف‌های هرز ایران
دوره 16، شماره 1
اردیبهشت 1399
صفحه 63-78

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