مقایسه کارایی علف‌کش‌های مختلف در کنترل علف‌های هرز و عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد سویا (.Glycin max L)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی

2 دانشیار، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی

3 استادیار، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی

4 استادیار، بخش تحقیقات گیاهپزشکی، مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان اردبیل (مغان)، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، اردبیل

چکیده

به منظور بررسی تأثیر کنترل علف­های هرز با علف­کش­های رایج، بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد سویای رقم ویلیامز در کشت دوم، آزمایشی در سال 1395-1396، در مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان اردبیل (مغان)، به صورت طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار به اجرا در آمد. تیمارها شامل علف­کش­های اتال فلورالین، ایمازاتاپیر، تری‌فلورالین، متری بوزین، بنتازون و آلاکلر به همراه شاهد وجین دستی و شاهد بدون کنترل بودند. نتایج تجزیه واریانس نشان داد که تیمارهای مورد استفاده از نظر درصد تاثیر علف­کش­، تراکم و وزن خشک کل علف­های هرز با یکدیگر اختلاف معنی­داری داشتند. نتایج نشان داد یک ماه پس از سمپاشی، علف­کش­های تری‌فلورالین و اتال‌فلورالین نسبت به بقیه تیمارها، بیشترین تأثیر گیاه‌سوزی را بر علف­های‌هرز داشت اما با گذشت دو ماه پس از سمپاشی، بقیه تیمارها نیز تاثیر خود را نشان دادند و همه تیمارهای علف­کشی در یک گروه قرار گرفتند. در این مطالعه، همه­ علف­کش­های مورد استفاده، تراکم و وزن خشک کل علف­های‌هرز را  نسبت به شاهد بدون کنترل، به‌طور معنی­داری کاهش دادند اما اثر آن‌ها، کمتر از تیمار وجین دستی بود. تاثیر کاربرد تیمارهای آزمایش برای صفات تعداد غلاف در بوته، عملکرد بیولوژیک، عملکرد دانه و درصد پروتئین دانه سویا معنی­دار شد ولی برای صفات ارتفاع بوته، طول دوره رشد، شاخص کلروفیل، وزن هزار دانه و درصد روغن دانه، اختلاف آماری بین تیمارها وجود نداشت. بیشترین تعداد غلاف در بوته (92/333) و عملکرد دانه (2792 کیلوگرم بر هکتار)، از تیمار وجین دستی به‌دست آمد. در بین تیمارهای علف­کشی، اتال‌فلورالین با عملکرد دانه 1896 کیلوگرم بر هکتار، بیشترین عملکرد دانه را داشت. به‌طور کلی و براساس معیارهای مورد ارزیابی (تراکم و زیست­توده علف­های­هرز و ارزیابی چشمی اثرات گیاه­سوزی علف­کش­ها)، استفاده از علف­کش اتال‌فلورالین به مقدار دو لیتر در هکتار، برای کنترل علف­های­هرز مزارع سویا توصیه می­شود.  

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Comparison of different herbicides effectiveness in weed control and soybean (Glycin max L.) yield and yield components

نویسندگان [English]

  • Rasoul Fakhari 1
  • Ahmad Tobeh 2
  • Mohammad Taghi Alebrahim 2
  • mohammad mehdizadeh 3
  • Hossein Karbalaee 4
1 Agronomy and Plant breeding Department, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili
2 Agronomy and Plant breeding Department, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili
3 Agronomy and Plant Breeding Department, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili
4 Plant Protection Research Department, Ardabil Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Centre, AREEO, Ardabil
چکیده [English]

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of different common herbicides on soybean yield and yield components. Experiment was carried out using a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications at the Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center of Moghan, Ardebil, Iran during 2017-2018. Treatments were the application of ethalfluralin, imazethapyr, trifluralin, metribuzin, bentazone, and alacolor herbicides and with and without hand weeding control. The results of variance analysis showed that the treatments had significant differences in herbicide efficiency, weed density and total dry weight. One month after herbicides spraying, trifluralin and ethalfluralin had the highest effect on the weed control; however, two months after herbicides spraying, all other treatments also showed their control effects and all herbicides were located in same statistical group. In this study, all herbicides treatments significantly reduced the density and dry weight of weeds compared to control; however, their effect was less than hand weeding. The number of pods per plant, biological and grain yield and soybean protein content percentage were significantly affected by all treatments; however, the other traits including plant height, growth period, chlorophyll index, 1000-seed weight, and grain oil percentage were not significantly different. The highest number of pods per plant (333.92) and grain yield (2792 kg/ha) were obtained in hand weeding treatment. Among the herbicides treatments, the application of ethalfluralin had the highest seed yield (1896 kg.ha-1). Generally, based on the results of this study, application of 2 L.ha-1 ethalfluralin could be recommended for effective weed control in soybean production systems.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Ethalfluralin
  • grain yield
  • imazethapyr
  • grain protein percentage
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