ارزیابی اثر مدیریت گیاهان پوششی چاودار (Secale cereal L.) و شبدر برسیم (Trifolium alexandrinum L.) بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد گیاه لوبیا (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) در شرایط حضور و عدم حضور علف‌های‌هرز

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 کارشناس ارشد شناسایی و مبارزه با علف های هرز، گروه اگروتکنولوژی، دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

2 دانشیار گروه اگروتکنولوژی، دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

3 استادیار گروه اگروتکنولوژی، دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

چکیده

این پژوهش در سال زراعی 1392-1391 در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، به‌صورت فاکتوریل و در قالب طرح پایه بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار انجام شد. فاکتورها شامل گیاه پوششی (شبدر برسیم، چاودار و مخلوط شبدر برسیم+ چاودار)، در دو تراکم توصیه شده کشت زراعی این دو گونه (برای شبدر برسیم و چاودار به ترتیب 25 و 190 کیلوگرم در هکتار) و تراکم افزایشی (5/1 برابر توصیه شده) و سه نوع مدیریت مالچ (علف­کش+ مالچ، برداشت+ مالچ و برداشت) بود. علف­های­هرز در این آزمایش بیشتر شامل یک‌ساله های تابستانه به‌ویژه سلمه تره (Chenopodium album)، سوروف (Echinochloa crus-galli) و تاج‌خروس خوابیده (Amaranthus blitoides) بود. نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین عملکرد دانه و عملکرد بیولوژیک، به‌ترتیب در تیمارهای شاهد علف­کش (40/2275 و 2/6089 کیلوگرم بر هکتار) و شاهد وجین دستی (60/2179 و 5/5737 کیلوگرم بر هکتار) به‌دست آمد. همچنین نتایج مقایسه میانگین نشان داد که اختلاف معنی‌داری در عملکرد دانه و بیولوژیک سایر تیمارها نیز وجود داشت، به‌طوری‌که بیشترین مقدار آن‌‌ها در مدیریت مالچ+علف­کش (51/1965 و 7/4726 کیلوگرم بر هکتار)، تراکم افزایشی (58/1332 و 7/3296 کیلوگرم بر هکتار) و کشت مخلوط شبدر+ چاودار (83/1437 و 3743 کیلوگرم بر هکتار ) مشاهده شد. بنابراین استفاده از تراکم افزایشی گیاه پوششی، کشت مخلوط گیاهان پوششی شبدر برسیم+ چاودار و همچنین مدیریت علف‌کش+ مالچ، به‌عنوان بهترین گزینه جهت کاهش تراکم و زیست‌توده علف‌های‌هرز و نیز افزایش عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد در جهت مدیریت تلفیقی علف‌های‌هرز لوبیا می باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effects of rye (Secale cereale L.) and berseem clover (Trifolium alexandrinum L.) cover crops management on yield and yield components of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) at the presence and absence of weeds

نویسندگان [English]

  • Sana Karbor 1
  • Mehdi Rastgoo 2
  • Kamal Hajmohammadnia Ghalibf 3
  • Ali Ghanbari 2
1 Department of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
2 Department of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
3 Department of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
چکیده [English]

A field experiment was conducted as a factorial based on randomized complete block design with three replications in 2012-2013 growing season at the research farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. Factors included type of cover crops (berseem clover, rye and intercropping of berseem clover+ rye (50:50)), two levels of seeding rate (recommended density: 25 and 190 Kg/ha for berseem clover and rye, respectively and additive density: 1.5 of recommended density) and management method (herbicide+ mulch, mowing+ mulch and mowing). Summer annual weeds like common lambsquarters )Chenopodium album(, barnyard grass )Echinochloa crus-galli( and prostrate pigweed (Amaranthus blitoides( was dominant in this experiment. Among all of the treatments, the highest grain and biological yields were obtained from chemical control (2275.40 and 6089.2 Kg/ha) and hand weeding treatments (2179.60 and 5737.5 Kg/ha), respectively. Except for control treatments, the result of mean comparison showed significant differences in grain and biological yields among other treatments', so that, the highest grain and biological yields were observed in additive density (1332.58 and 3296.7 Kg/ha), intercropping of rye+ berseem clover (1437.83 and 3743 Kg/ha) and herbicide+ Mulch (1965.51 and 4726.7 Kg/ha). Herbicide+ mulch, intercropping of rye+ berseem clover and additive density can be considered as a good choice for reducing weed population and dry weight and increasing yield in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.).

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Biological yield
  • grain yield
  • mulch
  • sustainable agriculture
  • weeds

مراجع

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دانش علف‌های هرز ایران
دوره 16، شماره 2
مهر 1399
صفحه 45-56

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