عوامل محیطی موثر بر جوانه زنی بذر جو موشی در جنوب استان خوزستان-ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استاد دانشگاه

2 کارشناسی ارشد

چکیده

جوموشی، علف هرزی یکساله از خانوادۀ گندمیان، در مزارع گندم استان خراسان جنوبی به وفور یافت شده و کنترل آن در برخی مزارع بسیار مشکل است. شناخت اکولوژی جوانه‌زنی این علف‌هرز به توسعۀ برنامه‌های کنترل آن کمک خواهد کرد. اثرات عوامل محیطی مختلف بر جوانه‌زنی و سبز شدن جوموشی در آزمایشگاه  مورد تحقیق قرار گرفت. اگر چه در شوری معادل 160 میلی‌مولار کلرور سدیم، میزان جوانه‌زنی بیش از 85 درصد بود، افزایش سطح شوری از آن به بعد منجر به کاهش قابل ملاحظه‌ای در جوانه‌زنی گردید، به طوری که در شوری 320 میلی‌مولار، میزان جوانه‌زنی به 3 درصد کاهش یافت. افزایش پتانسیل اسمزی از صفر به 8/0- مگاپاسکال، منجر به کاهش جوانه‌زنی به میزان 80 درصد گردید. جوانه‌زنی جوموشی به وسیلۀ pH تحت تأثیر قرار نگرفت و در دامنۀ pH از 4 تا 10 در حدود 90 درصد باقی ماند. آزمایش عمق سبز شدن نشان داد که حداکثر سبز شدن این علف‌هرز از بذور سطح خاک حاصل شد (86 درصد) و هیچ گیاهچه‌ای از بذور دفن شده در عمق 10 سانتیمتری خاک سبز نشد. قابلیت جوانه‌زنی بالای جوموشی تحت شرایط محیطی متفاوت ممکن است تا حد زیادی در موفقیت این علف هرز به عنوان یک گونۀ مشکل‌ساز در مزارع گندم منطقه سهیم باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Mouse Barley Germination Environmental Factors Influencing Germination of Mouse Barley (Hordeum murinum L.) in South Khorasan Province, Iran

نویسندگان [English]

  • sead vahid eslami 1
  • f afghani 2
چکیده [English]

Mouse barley (Hordeum murinum), from the poaceae family, is an abundant annual grass weed in wheat fields of South Khorasan province. Determining the ecological factors of this grass weed will contribute to development of its control programs. Effects of environmental factors on germination and emergence of mouse barley was investigated in the laboratory. Although mouse barley germination was greater than 85% at salinity level of 160 mM, further increase of salinity caused a remarkable decrease in its germination, following a 3% decrease in germination at salinity level of 320mM. Increasing osmotic potential from 0 to -0.8 MPa, resulted in an 80% decrease in its germination. Mouse barley germination was not affected by the pH and in a pH range of 4 to 10 remained approximately 90%. Emergence depth test showed that the maximum emergence of mouse barley occurred for seeds placed on the soil surface (86%) and no seedlings emerged from the seeds buried at 10cm depth. High germination ability of mouse barley under diverse environmental conditions may greatly contribute to it as a problematic weed species in the wheat fields of the region

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Salinity
  • Osmotic potential
  • emergence depth
  • acidity

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