اثر آللوپاتیک عصاره آبی سه رقم جو زراعی (Hordeum vulgare) بر جوانه‌زنی و محتوای رنگیزه ‏های علف‌های‌هرزازمک، چاودار و خاکشیر

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد زراعت گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان

2 دانشیار گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان

چکیده

آللوپاتی پدیده‌‌ای طبیعی است که به‌عنوان ابزاری برای کنترل زیستی علف‌های‌هرزو به دنبال آن، افزایش تولید گیاهان زراعی درنظرگرفته می‏شود. ازآن‌جا‌که گونه‌های گیاهی ازمک (Lepidiumdraba)، چاودار وحشی (Secale cereale) و خاکشیر (Descurainia sophia) جزء مهم‏ترین علف‌های‌هرز مزارع جو استان کرمان می‏باشند، پژوهش حاضر به‌منظور ارزیابی توانایی آللوپاتیک ارقام نصرت، ماکویی و والفجر جو زراعی (Hordeum vulgare) روی ویژگی‏های جوانه‏زنی و رشدی این سه گونه علف‌هرز انجام شد. آزمایش در دو بخش آزمایشگاهی و گلخانه‏ای، به‌صورت فاکتوریل و در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با سه تکرار، در گلخانه دانشگاه شهید باهنرکرمان انجام گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین و کمترین درصد جوانه‏زنی بذر، به‌ترتیب به چاودار وحشی (3/98 درصد) و ازمک (0/35) تعلق داشت که تحت تیمار عصاره برگ‏های رقم‏های نصرت و ماکویی قرار داشتند. اگرچه عصاره برگ و ساقه رقم نصرت، تأثیر چندانی بر وزن خشک ساقه و ریشه چاودار وحشی و ازمک نداشت، اما منجر به کاهش شدید 90 و 75 درصدی وزن خشک ساقه و ریشه خاکشیر در مقایسه با شاهد شد. با وجود این‌که چاودار بیشترین حساسیت از لحاظ کلروفیل a و b داشت که به ترتیب توسط ارقام ماکویی و نصرت ایجاد شد، اما بازدارندگی برگ ماکویی بر میزان کاروتنوئید ازمک بیشتر بود. به‌طورکلی، بیشترین اثرات منفی آللوپاتیک عصاره‏های سه رقم جو، بر رشد علف‌هرز خاکشیر بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Allelopathic effects of aqueous extract of three barley cultivars (Hordeum vulgare) on germination and pigment content of Whitetop, Rye grass and Flixweed

نویسندگان [English]

  • Shohreh Madayeni 1
  • Enayatolah Tohidi Nejad 2
1 Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University
2 Department of Agronomy and Plant breeding, Faculty of agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman
چکیده [English]

In the recent years, the use of allelopathic potential of crop plants in weed management has attracted great attention of many specialists. Since Lepidiumdraba, Secale cereal and Descurainia sophia are among the most important weeds in barley fields in Kerman region, this research was conducted to evaluate the allelopathic potential of barley (Hordeum vulgare) cultivars (including Nosrat, Macuiee and Valfagr) on germination and growth characteristics of these three weed species. The study was conducted as factorial in completely randomized block design with three replications in both laboratory and greenhouse of Shahid Bahonar university of Kerman, Iran. Results showed that effects of aqueous extracts of vegetative organs of barley cultivars on germination and growth characteristics of weeds were different. Among the weeds treated with different extracts, the highest germination percentage (98.33%) were belonged to S. cereal and D. sophia, which were treated with Nosrat and Makuiee leaves extract. Although leaf and stem extracts of Nosrat cultivar did not have significant effect on stem and root dry weight of S. cereal and L. draba, they resulted in significant decrease of stems and roots dry weight of D. sophia by 75% and 90%, compared to the control, respectively. Although, S. cereal had the highest sensivity in terms of chlorophyll a and b, which were generated by Makuiee and Nosrat cultivars, respectively, the inhibition of Makouei leaf extract was greater on carotenoids content of L.draba. In general, three barley cultivars extracts had the most negative allopathic effects on the growth of D. sophia.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Allelopathy
  • barley
  • Descurainia sophia
  • Lepidium draba
  • Secale cereal

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دانش علف‌های هرز ایران
دوره 16، شماره 1
اردیبهشت 1399
صفحه 147-156

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