اثر تنش شوری و خشکی بر خصوصیات جوانه‌زنی علف‌هرز گلرنگ وحشی (Carthamus oxycantha)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری گروه اگروتکنولوژی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

2 دانشیار گروه اگروتکنولوژی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

چکیده

گلرنگ­وحشی (Carthamus oxycantha)، از جمله علف‌هرز مهم در مزارع زعفران استان خراسان رضوی محسوب می‌شود. به‌منظور بررسی اثر تنش شوری و خشکی بر خصوصیات جوانه­زنی این‌گونه علف هرز، آزمایش‌هایی به‌صورت فاکتوریل و در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی در چهار تکرار، در سال 1395 در آزمایشگاه تحقیقات علوم علف‌های‌هرز دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، انجام شد. عوامل مورد بررسی شامل پتانسیل آب ناشی از کلرور سدیم و پلی اتیلن گلایکول (PEG) در هشت سطح (صفر، 1/0-، 2/0-، 4/0-، 6/0-، 8/0-، 1- و 2/1- مگاپاسکال) و دما در شش سطح 10، 15، 20، 25، 30 و 35 درجه سانتی­گراد بودند. در هر دو تنش، بیشترین درصد و سرعت جوانه‌زنی به‌ترتیب در دماهای 20، 15، 25،10 و درنهایت 30 درجه سانتی­گراد مشاهده شد. پتانسیل آب موردنیاز برای 50 درصد کاهش درصد جوانه­زنی برای تنش شوری در دماهای 10، 15، 20، 25 و 30 درجه سانتی­گراد، به‌ترتیب برابر با 26/2-، 64/3-، 43/4-، 63/2- و 94/1- مگاپاسکال و به‌طور مشابه برای تنش خشکی برابر با 65/1-، 68/1-، 92/1-، 430/1- و 12 /0- مگاپاسکال بود. با تغییر پتانسیل آب ناشی از کلرور سدیم از صفر تا 6/0- مگاپاسکال، دمای بهینه از 99/19 به 43/17 و با تغییر پتانسیل آب ناشی از پلی اتیلن گلایکول از صفر به 2/0- مگاپاسکال، دمای بهینه از 99/19 به 90/17 کاهش پیدا کرد. به‌طورکلی و  بر مبنای نتایج این آزمایش، حساسیت گلرنگ وحشی به خشکی بیشتر از شوری بود و پتانسیل گسترش آن در مناطق شور و همچنین مدیریت این علف‌هرز در اراضی شور می‌بایست موردتوجه قرار گیرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of salt and drought stress on germination characteristics of wild safflower (Carthamus oxycanthus)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Seyedeh fatemeh Fakhrrad 1
  • Ali Ghanbari 2
  • Mehdi Rastgoo 2
1 Department of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran
2 Department of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran
چکیده [English]

Wild safflower (Carthamus oxycantha) is an important weed in the Saffron fields of Razavi Khorasan province. To study the effects of salt and drought stress on germination characteristics of this weed species, a factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with four replications. Factors included water potentials based on NaCl and PEG at 8 levels (0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0 and 1.2 -MPa) and temperature at 6 levels (10, 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35 °C). In both stresses, the greatest germination percentage and rate were observed at 20, 15, 25, 10 and 30 °C, respectively. The required water potentials for 50% reduction in germination percentage for salt stress at 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 °C were 2.26, 3.64, 4.43, 2.63 and 1.98 -MPa, respectively, and similarly for drought stress were 1.65, 1.68, 1.92, 1.43, and 0.12 –Mpa, respectively. Changing water potential base on NaCl from 0 to -0.6 MPa, decreased optimum temperature from 19.99 to 17.43 °C. Optimum temperature decreased from 19.99 to 17.90 °C by changing water potential based on PEG from 0 to -0.2 MPa. In general and based on the results of this experiment, wild safflower was more sensitive to drought than salinity, and the potential for its spread in saline areas, as well as the management of this weed in saline lands should be considered.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Germination rate
  • NaCl
  • poly ethylen glycol (PEG)

مراجع

 Amara, I., Capellades, M.D. Ludevid, M .and Goday, A. 2013. Enhanced water stress tolerance of transgenic maize plants over-expressing LEA Rab28 gene. J. Plant Physiol. 170: 864-873.
Ashraf, M. and Foolad, M.R. 2005. Pre sowing seed treatment – A shotgun approach to improve germination, plant growth, and crop yield under saline and non-saline conditions. Adv. Agron .88:223- 265.
Asgarpour, R., Mijani, S. and Ghorbani, R. 2013. Effect of temperature on germination rate of two passion grasses (Salsola kali L.) based on regression models, J. Plant Prot., 7: 476-483. (In Persian with English abstract).
Bassiri, A. and Sionit N. 1975. Emergence and seedling growth of a cultivated and a wild strain of safflower under various amounts of simulated rainfall. Physiol. Plant. 4: 226-229.
 Bassiri, A., Rouhani, I. and Ghorashy, S.R. 1975. Effect of temperature and scarification on germination and emergence of wild safflower, Carthamus oxyacantha. Agric. Sci. 84: 239-243.
Biaecka, B. and Kepczynski, J. 2010. Germination, a-, b-amylase and total dehydrogenase activities of Amaranthus  caudatus seeds under water stress in the presence of ethephon or gibberellin A3. Acta Biol. Cracov. Bot. 52: 7-12.
Boyd, N. and Van Acker, R. 2004. Seed germination of common weed species as affected by oxygen concentration, light, and osmotic potential. Weed Sci. 52: 589–596
Chauhan, B., Gill, G. and Preston, C. 2006. Influence of tillage system on vertical distribution, seedling recruitment and persistence of rigid ryegrass (Lolium rigidum) seed bank. Weed Sci. 54: 669-676.
Chauhan, B.S., Gill, G. and Preston, C. 2006. Factors affecting seed germination of annual sowthistle (Sonchus oleraceus) in southern Australia.Weed Sci.54: 854–860.
Chauhan, B.S. and Johnsond, E. 2008a. Influence of environmental factors on seed germination and seedling emergence of eclipta (Eclipta prostrata) in a tropical environment. Weed Sci. 56: 383–388.
Chauhan, B.S.and Johnson, D.E. 2008b. Seed germination and seedling emergence of giant sensitive plant (Mimosa invisa). Weed Sci. 56: 244–248.
Dadach M., Mehdadi, Z. and Latreche, A. 2015. Effect of water Stress on seed germination of Thymus serpyllum L. from Tessala mount. J. Plant Sci.10(4): 151-158.
Dadkhah, A.R. and Grrifiths, H. 2006. The effect of salinity on growth, inorganic ions and dry matter portioning in sugar beet cultivars. J. Agri. Sci. Technol. 8: 199-210.
Fakhrrad, F. Ghanbari, A. and Rastgoo, M. 2018. Investigation some echophysiological aspects of Carthamus oxycantha. PhD Thesis. Ferdowsi University of Mashhad.
Foley, M.E. 2008. Temperature and moisture status affect after ripening of leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula) seeds. Weed Sci. 56: 237–243.
Foley, M.E. and Fennimore, S.A. 1998. Genetic basis for seed dormancy. Seed Sci. Res. 8: 173-179.
Hakansson, I., Myrbeck, A. and Ararso, E. 2002. A review of research on seedbed preparation for small grains in Sweden. Soil Til. Res. 64: 23–40.
Huebner, C.D. 2011. Seed mass, viability, and germination of Japanese stiltgrass (Microstegium vimineum) under variable light and moisture conditions. Invasive Plant Sci. Manag. 4: 274–283.
Leon, R.G. and Knapp, A.D. 2004. Effect of temperature on the germination of common waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus), giant foxtail (Setaria faberi), and velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti). Weed Sci. 52: 67-73.
Kazerooni Monfared, E., Rezvani Moghaddam, P. and Nassiri Mahallati, M. 2012. Modeling the effects of water stress and temperature on germination of Lactuca serriola L. seeds. Int. Res. J. Basic Appl. Sci. 3: 1957-1965
Li, Q., Tan, J.N. Li, W., Yuan, G.H., Du, L., and Ma, S. 2015. Effects of environmental factors on seed germination and emergence of Japanese brome (Bromus japonicus). Weed Sci. 63: 641-646.
Lotfifar, O., Allahdadi, I., Zand, E. and Akbari, G.A. 2014. Germination responses of wild mustard (Sinapis arvensis) to interaction effect of water potential and temperature. Int. J. Biosci. 4(6): 37-44.
Mesgaran, M.B., Onofri, A. Mashhadi, H.R. and Cousens, R.D. 2017. Water availability shifts the optimal temperatures for seed germination: a modeling approach. Ecol. Model. 351: 87–95.
Meyer, S.E. and Pendleton, R.L. 2000. Genetic regulation of seed dormancy in Purshia ridentata (Rosaceae). Ann. Bot. 85: 521-529.
Michel, B.E and Kaufmann, M.R. 1973. The osmotic potential of polyethylene glycol 6000. Plant Physiol. 51: 914-916.
Mobli, A., Ghanbari, A. and Rastgoo, M. 2018. Determination of cardinal temperatures of flax-leaf alyssum (Alyssum linifolium) in response to salinity, pH, and drought stress. Weed sci. 4: 470-476.
Rejili, M., Vadel, A.M., Guetet, A., Mahdhi, M., Lachiheb, B., Ferchichi, A. Mars, M. 2009. Influence of temperature and salinity on the germination of Lotus creticus L. from the arid land of Tunisia. African J. Ecol. 48: 329–337.
Rios-rojas L., Tapia, F. and Gurovich, L.A. 2014. Electrophysiological assessment of water stress in fruit-bearing woody plants. J. Plant Physiol.171:799-806.
Sevik, H. and Cetin, M .2014. Effects of Water Stress on seed germination for select and escape plants. Pol. J. Environ. Studies, 24(2): 689-693.
Shafii, B. and PriceSource, W.J. 2001. Estimation of cardinal temperatures in germination data analysis. J. Agri. Bio. Envi. Stat. 6: 356–366.
Sohrabi kertabad, S., Ghanbari, A., Rashed mohassel, M.H., Nassiri mahalati, M. and Gherekhloo, J. 2013. Effect of desiccation and salinity stress on seed germination and initial plant growth of Cucumis melo. Plan. Danin. 31: 833-841.
Wang, L., zhang, D.Y., huang, Z.Y. and Tian, C.Y. 2009. Factors Influencing seed germination of Kalidium caspicum (Chenopodiaceae), a halophytic desert shrub of Xinjiang, China. Seed Sci. Technol. 37: 281-290.
Wang, L., Jin, S., Wu, L., Zhou, X., Liu, X. and Bai, L. 2016. Influence of environmental factors on seed germination and emergence of Asia minor bluegrass (Polypogon fugax).Weed Technol. 30(2): 533-538.
Wang, L., Zhang, D.Y., Huang, Z.Y. and Tian, C.Y .2009. Factors influencing seed germination of Kalidium caspicum (Chenopodiaceae), a halophytic desert shrub of Xinjiang, China. Seed Sci. Technol.37:281-290.
Wang, R., Bai, Y. and Tanino, K. 2005. Germination of winter fat (Eurotia lanata (Pursh) Moq.) seeds at reduced water potentials: testing assumptions of hydrothermal time model. Environ. Exp. Bot. 53:49–63.
Wilson, D.G., Burton, M.G. Spears, J.F. and York, A.C. 2006. Doveweed (Murdannia nudiflora) germination and emergence as affected by temperature and seed burial depth. Weed Sci. 54: 1000–1003.
Windauer, L., Altuna, A. and Benech-Arnold, R. 2007. Hydrotime analysis of Lesquerella fendleri seed germination responses to priming treatments. Inds .Crop. Prod. 25: 70-74.
Zhou, J., Deckard, E. and Ahrens, W.H. 2005. Factor affecting germination of hairy nightshade (Solanum sarrachoides) seeds. Weed Sci. 53: 41-45.
Zhou,S., Han,Y., Chen, X., Kong, W. and Wang, W. 2015. The involvement of expansions in response to water stress during leaf development in wheat. J. Plant Physiol.183: 64-74.
 
دانش علف‌های هرز ایران
دوره 16، شماره 2
مهر 1399
صفحه 87-98

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار