اثر کودهای آلی و زیستی و ماده افزودنی هیدرومکس بر پایداری علف‌کش نیکوسولفورون در خاک

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش آموخته دکتری، دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

2 دانشیار دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد،

3 دانشیار دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

4 استاد موسسه تحقیقات گیاه پزشکی کشور

5 استاد دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مشهد

چکیده

به منظور بررسی کاربرد کودهای آلی و زیستی و ماده افزودنی هیدرومکس بر ماندگاری علف‌کش نیکوسولفورون در خاک، آزمایشی به صورت فاکتوریل و در قالب بلوک‌ کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار، در سال زراعی 94-1393 انجام شد. فاکتورهای آزمایش شامل کاربرد کودهای آلی و زیستی در چهار سطح کود گاوی، کود ورمی‌کمپوست، مایکوریزا و  شاهد (بدون کود آلی) به عنوان فاکتور اول، مقدار کاربرد نیکوسولفورون در دو سطح 40 و 80 گرم ماده مؤثره به عنوان فاکتور دوم و کاربرد یا بدون کاربرد ماده افزودنی هیدرومکس به عنوان فاکتور سوم انجام شد. برای تعیین باقیمانده نیکوسولفورون در خاک، در بازه زمانی صفر (دو ساعت پس از سمپاشی)، دو، پنج، هشت، 16، 30، 60 و 90 روز پس از سمپاشی، از عمق‌های صفر تا 15 سانتی‌متری خاک نمونه‌گیری انجام شد و مقدار باقیمانده علف‌کش با روش آنالیز دستگاهی (HPLC) اندازه‌گیری شد. نتایج نشان داد که با افزایش مقدار کاربرد نیکوسولفورون، باقیمانده آن در خاک افزایش یافت. همچنین با افزایش مقدار کاربرد علف‌کش، سرعت تجزیه از 039/0 به 037/0 میکروگرم در کیلوگرم در روز کاهش یافت اما نیمه عمر آن از 77/17 به 83/18 روز افزایش یافت. همچنین با کاربرد هیدرومکس (به همراه نیکوسولفورون 80 گرم ماده موثره)، سرعت تجزیه علف‌کش از 037/0 به 034/0 میکروگرم در کیلوگرم در روز کاهش یافت و نیمه عمر آن از 73/18 به 39/20 روز در خاک افزایش یافت. با کاربرد کودهای گاوی، ورمی‌کمپوست و مایکوریزا، سرعت تجزیه نیکوسولفورون در تیمار80 گرم (بدون ماده افزودنی)، از 037/0 به‌ترتیب به 061/0، 056/0 و 051/0 میکروگرم در کیلوگرم در روز افزایش یافت و نیمه عمر علف‌کش از 73/18 روز به 36/11، 38/12 و 59/13 روز کاهش یافت. در مجموع نتایج نشان داد که استفاده از کودهای آلی و زیستی با مقدار کاهش یافته علف‌کش (40گرم ماده موثره) به همراه ماده افزودنی قادر است ماندگاری علف‌کش‌ها در خاک را کاهش دهد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of organic and biofertilizers and HydroMax adjuvant on nicosulfuron ersistence in the soil

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ebrahim Mamnoie 1
  • Ebrahim Ezadi Darbandi 2
  • Mehdi Rastgoo 3
  • Mohamad Ali Baghestani 4
  • Mohamad Hasanzade 5
1 Faculty of Agriculture Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran.
2 Faculty of Agriculture Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran.
3 Faculty of Agriculture Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran.
4 Iranian Plant Protection Research Institute, Tehran, Iran.
5 Faculty of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Iran
چکیده [English]

To study the effect of Hydromax adjuvant and the application of organic and biofertilizers on the persistence of nicosulfuron herbicide in the soil, an experiment was carried out as a factorial arrangement based on completely randomized block design with three replications during 2014-2015. Experimental treatments were cow manure, vermicompost, mycorrhiza biofertilizer and a control treatment as the first factor, use of 80 and 40 g a.i ha-1 of the recommended dose of nicosulfuron herbicide as the second factor, and the use of Hydromax adjuvant and without adjuvant as the third factor. To determine nicosulfuron residual in the soil, sampling was done from 0-15 cm depth of soil at different intervals of 0, 2, 5, 8, 16, 30, 60, 90 days after spraying and then the herbicide residue was determined using HPLC. Results showed that nicosulfuron soil residual increased by the increasing of its rate. By increasing the rate of herbicide application, degradation rate decreased from 0.039 to 0.037 μg/kg/day, but half-life increased from 17.77 to 18.83 days. Also nicosulfuron degradation rate decreased from 0.037 to 0.034 μg/kg/day and half-life increased from 18.73 to 20.39 days in soil when Hydromax adjuvant applied with nicosulfuron at 80 g a.i ha-1. On the other hand, degradation rate of nicosulfuron increased from 0.037 to 0.061, 0.056 and 0.051 μg/kg/day, and half-life values decreased from 18.73 to 11.36, 12.38 and 13.59 days in soil when organic and biofertilizers applied with nicosulfuron at 80 g a.i ha-1 without adjuvant. Our results showed that the application of organic and biofertilizers with reduced rate of nicosulfuron (40 g a.i ha-1) and adjuvant can lead to the decrease of persistence herbicide in the soil.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Half-life
  • ‎HPLC
  • mycorrhiza
  • residue
  • vermicompost

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