زمان بحرانی قطع پس از میوه‌دهی برای پیشگیری از جوانه‌زنی بذر کاتوس (Cynanchum acutum)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش آموخته دکترای علوم علف‌های‌هرز، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات دانشگاه تهران و عضو فعلی موسسه تحقیقات و آموزش نیشکر، بخش علف های هرز

2 دانشیار گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران

3 استاد گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران

چکیده

علف‌هرز کاتوس (Cynanchum acutum L.) در سال‌های اخیر، مزارع نیشکر را به‌شدت مورد تهاجم قرار داده است. شناخت رفتار جوانه‌زنی بذر این علف‌هرز، موجب بهره­مندی از زمان بهینه برای مبارزه با آن می‌شود. در این پژوهش، میزان جوانه‌زنی بذرهای کاتوس طی پنج نوبت قطع میوه، هر دو هفته یک بار و طی 14 تا 70 روز پس از میوه­دهی در پنج سطح دمایی 10، 20، 30، 40 و 50 درجه سلسیوس، در موسسه تحقیقات و آموزش نیشکر در سال 1396 مطالعه شد. نتایج نشان داد که بذر کاتوس تا روز 14 پس از میوه­دهی، قادر به جوانه‌زنی نبود. از روز 42 پس از میوه‌دهی به بعد، سرعت جوانه‌زنی روند افزایشی پیدا کرد و در 56 روز پس از میوه‌دهی به بیشترین مقدار خود یعنی 70/19 بذر در روز رسید. در همین زمان، بیشترین جوانه‌زنی بذرهای کاتوس در دمای نزدیک به 30 درجه سلسیوس و برابر با 97 درصد بدست آمد. با برازش مدل دو تکه­ای به داده‌های سرعت جوانه‌زنی، دمای کمینه، بهینه و بیشینه جوانه‌زنی بذرهای رسیده به‌ترتیب برابر با 1/18، 6/32، و 57 درجه سلسیوس به‌دست آمد. بذرهای حاصل از قطع میوه طی 28 و 42 روز پس از میوه‌دهی، نیازمند دمای بالاتری برای جوانه‌زنی بودند که با افزایش روزهای پس از تشکیل تا رسیدگی کامل میوه، با روند کاهشی همراه شد. بر اساس یافته‌های این پژوهش، باید برنامه‌ریزی مناسب برای استفاده از روش­ قطع اندام‌های هوایی به‌عنوان یک راهکار مدیریتی و حداکثر تا هفته دوم پس از میوه­‌دهی کاتوس صورت گیرد تا از تولید بذرهایی با توانایی جوانه‌زنی جلوگیری شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Critical time of cutting after fruit development to prevent germination of Swallow wort (Cynanchum acutum) seeds

نویسندگان [English]

  • Sasan Abdolahi Lorestani 1
  • Mostafa Oveisi 2
  • Hassan Alizadeh 3
  • Hamid Rahimain Mashhadi 3
1 Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, University College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Iran
2 Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, University College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Iran
3 Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, University College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Swallow-wort (Cynanchum acutum) has aggressively infested sugarcane fields in the recent years. Understanding seed germination behavior of this weed will save time to control. In this investigation, germination of seeds was studied at five fruit cutting time with two weeks intervals at 14 to 70 days after fruiting (DAF) at five temperature levels (10, 20, 30, 40 and 50°C) in Sugarcane research and Training Institute in 2017. The results showed that swallow-wort seeds were not able to germinate until the 14 DAF. From the 42 DAF, germination rate showed increasing trend and reached its highest value (19.70 seeds per day) at 56 DAF. At the same time, the highest germination of swallow-wort seeds was 97% at temperature of approximately 30°C. Fitting the segmented model to the germination rate data, the minimum, optimum and maximum germination temperature of mature seeds were 18.1, 32.6, and 57°C, respectively. Seeds from fruit at 28 and 42 DAF required higher temperature to germination that showed decreasing trend with increasing the days from formation to complete ripened fruit. Based on the results of this study, it is necessary to plan to use different control methods such as removal of the above ground organs as a management strategy and up to the second week after swallow-wort fruiting, to prevent seeds production with germination ability.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Cardinal temperature
  • germination rate
  • perennial weed
  • seed maturity
  • segmented model
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