شناسایی و بررسی پتانسیل آللوپاتیک آلکالوئیدهای توق (Xanthium strumarium) بر ویژگی‌های جوانه‌زنی ارقام آفتابگردان روغنی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

دانشگاه کرمان

چکیده

به‌منظور شناسایی آلکالوئیدهای موجود در علف‌هرز توق، عصاره شاخساره آن تهیه و با استفاده از روش گاز کروماتوگرافی تجزیه شد. سه آلکالوئید کونین (C8H17N)، هیوسیامین (C17H21NO4) و اسکوپولامین (C17 H21 N1 O4 ) که دارای پتانسیل آللوپاتیکی می‌باشند، شناسایی و استخراج گردید. پتانسیل آللوپاتیک آلکالوئیدهای مذکور بر جوانه‌زنی و رشد گیاهچه شش رقم آفتابگران روغنی شامل زاریا، پروگرس، هایسون33، آرماویروسکی، یوروفلور و بیلیزار به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با سه تکرار مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که اثر متقابل آلکالوئید×غلظت×رقم بر درصد و سرعت جوانه‌زنی معنی‌دار بود. بیشترین پتانیسل بازدارندگی مربوط به کونین و اسکوپولامین، کمترین آن مربوط به هیوسیامین بود. با افزایش غلظت آلکالوئیدها اثر بازدارندگی نیز افزایش یافت. ویژگی‌های وزن خشک ریشه‌چه و ساقه‌چه تمامی ارقام آفتابگردان نیز تحت تأثیر پتانسیل بازدارندگی آلکالوئیدهای شناسایی شده قرار گرفتند. هر دو صفت مذکور تحت تأثیر کونین و اسکوپولامین بیشتر از هیوسیامین قرار گرفتند. نتایج کلی بیانگر این است که در عصاره‌ی بقایای علف‌هرز توق سه آلکالوئید با اثر بازدارنده وجود دارد، و همچنین غلظت‌های مختلف هر آلکالوئید نیز از پتانسیل آللوپاتیکی متفاوتی برخوردار است که می‌توانند رشد گیاه زراعی را تحت تأثیر خود قرار دهند. یافتن مکانیسم‌های اثر بازدارندگی این ترکیب‌ها بر گیاهان دیگر ممکن است برای یافتن ترکیباتی که بتوانند به عنوان علف‌کش مورد استفاده قرار گیرند، مفید واقع شوند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Determination and Investigation of Potential Allelopathic in Burdock (Xanthium Strumarium) Alkaloids on Germination Indices of Sunflower Cultivars

چکیده [English]

In this study shoot extracts of Xanthium strumarium were prepared and analyzed using GC-MS method. Three alkaloids including (coniine (C8H17N), (hyoscyamine (C17H21NO4) and (scopolamine (C17 H21 N1 O4) were found and extracted. The potential allelopathic effects of these compounds were evaluated in a factorial experiment based on RCBD with 3 replications on the germination and seedling growth of six sunflower hybrids including zaria, progress, hyson33, armavirosky, uroflor and bilyzar. Results showed that the three way interaction effect of alkaloid × concentration × hybrid is significant on germination percentage and rate. Highest inhibitory potential was related to coniine and scopolamine, while lowest value was found in hyoscyamine. Increasing the concentration of alkaloid, also increased their inhibitory effect. Root and shoot dry weight of all sunflower hybrids were affected by the inhibitory effect of identify alkaloids. Both these traits were influenced more by scopolamine and Coniine then hyoscyamine. Generally, it was concluded that three different alkaloides exist in burdock which have different allelopathic effects and may influence the next crop plant. The mechanisms which are responsible for the inhibitory effects of these allelochemicals may be useful for finding compounds which as herbicides.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Coniine
  • Ecosystem
  • Hyoscyamine
  • Scopolamine

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