کنترل شیمیایی گوشاب (Potamogeton nodosus) و سوروف (Echinochloa crus-galli) در شالیزار

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

موسسه تحقیقات برنج

چکیده

گوشاب علف‌هرز زیست‌گاه‌های آبی حاشیه شالیزار‌ها است که در سال‌های اخیر مزارع برنج را مورد تهاجم قرار داده است. با توجه به اینکه سوروف مهمترین و فراوانترین علف‌هرز شالیزار در ایران است، بنابراین ارائه هر برنامه‌ای جهت مدیریت گوشاب باید شامل سوروف نیز باشد. بنابراین دو آزمایش به منظور ارزیابی کارایی علف‌کش‌های انتخابی شالیزار برای کنترل شیمیایی این دو علف‌هرز اجرا گردید. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل کاربرد علف‌کش‌های تیوبنکارب، بوتاکلر، اکسادیارژیل، پرتیلاکلر، بن‌سولفورون‌متیل، سینوسولفورون و مت‌سولفورون بودند. در آزمایش سال اول کاربرد انفرادی و در تحقیق سال دوم اختلاط علف‌کش‌ها بررسی گردید. نتایج نشان داد که کاربرد علف‌کش‌های تیوبنکارب، بوتاکلر و پرتیلاکلر سبب کنترل بسیار خوب سوروف (95%≤) شده ولی فاقد هرگونه کارایی برروی گوشاب بودند. علف‌کش اکسادیارژیل90-75 % کارایی در کنترل سوروف و 45-35 % کارایی در کنترل گوشاب از خود نشان داد. علف‌کش‌های‌ بن‌سولفورون‌متیل و سینوسولفورون دارای کارایی بسیار خوبی در کنترل گوشاب (%95≤) و فاقد کارایی کافی در کنترل سوروف (35%≥) بودند. در آزمایش سال دوم کارایی اختلاط دز توصیه‌شده دو گروه از علف‌کش‌ها (علف‌کش‌های مؤثر در کنترل سوروف + علف‌کش‌های مؤثر در کنترل گوشاب) بررسی گردید. نتایج این بخش از مطالعه نشان داد که در صورت اختلاط این دو گروه از علف‌کش‌ها، آن‌ها دارای سازگاری با برنج بوده و کارایی بسیار خوب در کنترل هر دو علف‌هرز سوروف و گوشاب (95%≤) دارند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Chemical Control of Pondweed (Potamogeton nodosus) and Barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli) in Paddy FieldsPondweed is a waterlogging habitat weed of paddy fields margin which has recently invaded rice fields. Because barnyardgrass is the most abundant and important weed of paddy fields in Iran, hence adopting any program for pondweed chemical control should involve barnyardgrass control as well. Therefore, two separate trials were carried out to

چکیده [English]

Pondweed is a waterlogging habitat weed of paddy fields margin which has recently invaded rice fields. Because barnyardgrass is the most abundant and important weed of paddy fields in Iran, hence adopting any program for pondweed chemical control should involve barnyardgrass control as well. Therefore, two separate trials were carried out to evaluate the efficiency of selective rice herbicides for managing both pondweed and barnyardgrass. In this experiment the treatments included applying thiobencarb (2500 g.ai.ha-1), butachlor (1800 g.ai.ha-1), oxadiargyl (105 g.ai.ha-1), pretilachlor (1000 g.ai.ha-1), bensulfuron-methyl (45 g.ai.ha-1), cinosulforun (45 g.ai.ha-1) and metsulfuron-methyl (10 g.ai.ha-1). In the first trial, each herbicide was applied separately. In the second trial herbicides were mized. Results showed that thiobencarb, butachlor and pretilachlor were effective on barnyardgrass control (≤95%) but had no effect on pondweed. Oxadiargyl was more effective on barnyardgrass (75-90%) than pondweed (35-45%). Sulfonylurea herbicides showed very good efficacy on pondweed control (≤95%) while low effect on barnyardgrass (≥35%). The second experiment was carried out in order to investigate the mixture compatibility of the two groups of herbicides with different weed control spectrum. Data of the second trial confirmed the results of the first trial and revealed that mixing the recommended dose of herbicides controlled both weeds by 95%.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Herbicide mixture
  • broadleafkiller
  • grass killer
  • Flooding
  • transplanting

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